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    <title>Qualla: Trà Kiệu</title>
    <link>https://qualla.com/tra-kieu</link>
    <description><![CDATA[Beneath a quiet Vietnamese village lie the ramparts of Simhapura, once the royal capital of the Cham kingdom — a city whose ceramic roof tiles still bear the faces of a civilization that shaped Southeast Asia for a thousand years.]]></description>
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    <copyright>© 2026 Bendyline</copyright>
    <lastBuildDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2026 20:34:16 GMT</lastBuildDate>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Beneath a quiet Vietnamese village lie the ramparts of Simhapura, once the royal capital of the Cham kingdom — a city whose ceramic roof tiles still bear the faces of a civilization that shaped Southeast Asia for a thousand years.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <itunes:name>Qualla</itunes:name>
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      <title>Qualla: Trà Kiệu</title>
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      <title>Trà Kiệu: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tra-kieu/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Noel Hidalgo Tan, CC BY-SA 4.0. Look closely at a roof tile from Trà Kiệu and you will see a face staring back. Not the pattern of weaving or cord-impressed texture that marks the earliest layers of the site, but a human face — eyes, nose, mouth — pressed into fired clay sometime around the third century CE. Who made these tiles, and why they started putting faces on them, is a question archaeologists have argued over for a century. The answer matters, because it goes to the heart of who built this city in the Thu Bồn river valley and what kind of kingdom they were building.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Noel Hidalgo Tan, CC BY-SA 4.0. Look closely at a roof tile from Trà Kiệu and you will see a face staring back. Not the pattern of weaving or cord-impressed texture that marks the earliest layers of the site, but a human face — eyes, nose, mouth — pressed into fired clay sometime around the third century CE. Who made these tiles, and why they started putting faces on them, is a question archaeologists have argued over for a century. The answer matters, because it goes to the heart of who built this city in the Thu Bồn river valley and what kind of kingdom they were building.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tra-kieu/">Trà Kiệu on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Noel Hidalgo Tan | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Trà Kiệu: The Lion City</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tra-kieu/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit TuanUt, CC BY-SA 3.0. The name Simhapura translates from Sanskrit as 'Lion City.' It is the name scholars believe the Cham people gave to their capital, the city that is now a quiet village called Trà Kiệu, 18 kilometers inland from Hội An, roughly halfway between that ancient trading port and the gre...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit TuanUt, CC BY-SA 3.0. The name Simhapura translates from Sanskrit as 'Lion City.' It is the name scholars believe the Cham people gave to their capital, the city that is now a quiet village called Trà Kiệu, 18 kilometers inland from Hội An, roughly halfway between that ancient trading port and the gre...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tra-kieu/">Trà Kiệu on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: TuanUt | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Trà Kiệu: Faces on the Tiles</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tra-kieu/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Dragfyre, CC BY-SA 3.0. The ceramic record tells the story in two phases. The earlier phase, Trà Kiệu I, yields utilitarian pottery: ovoid jars, cord-marked vessels, dishes, pedestal cups, and roof tiles bearing textile impressions — the texture of cloth pressed into wet clay before firing. Then somethi...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Dragfyre, CC BY-SA 3.0. The ceramic record tells the story in two phases. The earlier phase, Trà Kiệu I, yields utilitarian pottery: ovoid jars, cord-marked vessels, dishes, pedestal cups, and roof tiles bearing textile impressions — the texture of cloth pressed into wet clay before firing. Then somethi...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tra-kieu/">Trà Kiệu on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Dragfyre | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Trà Kiệu: Capital of the Champa Kingdom</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tra-kieu/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Noel Hidalgo Tan, CC BY-SA 4.0. Whether Simhapura was the capital of the Champa Kingdom, a separate Lin Yi polity, or something in between remains contested. Leonard Aurousseau, working from ancient Chinese records of a fifth-century invasion, proposed that Trà Kiệu was the capital of Lin Yi, a polity distinct ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Noel Hidalgo Tan, CC BY-SA 4.0. Whether Simhapura was the capital of the Champa Kingdom, a separate Lin Yi polity, or something in between remains contested. Leonard Aurousseau, working from ancient Chinese records of a fifth-century invasion, proposed that Trà Kiệu was the capital of Lin Yi, a polity distinct ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tra-kieu/">Trà Kiệu on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Noel Hidalgo Tan | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Trà Kiệu: A Village with a Long Memory</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tra-kieu/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Bún bòa, CC BY-SA 4.0. Trà Kiệu's history did not stop with the Cham. In 1885, during the Cần Vương anti-French resistance movement, the Catholic residents of the village successfully defended it against siege, an event they attributed to a Marian apparition. Thirteen years later, a shrine to Our Lady ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Bún bòa, CC BY-SA 4.0. Trà Kiệu's history did not stop with the Cham. In 1885, during the Cần Vương anti-French resistance movement, the Catholic residents of the village successfully defended it against siege, an event they attributed to a Marian apparition. Thirteen years later, a shrine to Our Lady ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tra-kieu/">Trà Kiệu on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Bún bòa | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
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