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    <title>Qualla: Saudi Arabia</title>
    <link>https://qualla.com/saudi-arabia</link>
    <description><![CDATA[The birthplace of Islam, ancient Nabataean ruins, and vast deserts.]]></description>
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    <copyright>© 2026 Bendyline</copyright>
    <lastBuildDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2026 20:33:37 GMT</lastBuildDate>
    <itunes:author>Qualla</itunes:author>
    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[The birthplace of Islam, ancient Nabataean ruins, and vast deserts.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <itunes:name>Qualla</itunes:name>
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      <title>Qualla: Saudi Arabia</title>
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      <title>Zabargad Island</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/zabargad-island/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A scrap of the Earth's mantle pushed above the Red Sea, Zabargad has yielded green peridot for over three thousand years.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A scrap of the Earth's mantle pushed above the Red Sea, Zabargad has yielded green peridot for over three thousand years.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/zabargad-island/">Zabargad Island on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:34</itunes:duration>
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    <item>
      <title>Wadi El Gemal National Park</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/wadi-el-gemal-national-park/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Yoori2k17, CC BY-SA 4.0. The Valley of the Camels stretches from Red Sea mangroves to mountains that once held the only emeralds the ancient world knew.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Yoori2k17, CC BY-SA 4.0. The Valley of the Camels stretches from Red Sea mangroves to mountains that once held the only emeralds the ancient world knew.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/wadi-el-gemal-national-park/">Wadi El Gemal National Park on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Yoori2k17 | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:30</itunes:duration>
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    <item>
      <title>Berenice Troglodytica</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/berenice-troglodytica/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit US Government, damit frei verfuegbar, Public domain. An ancient Red Sea port that began as a harbor for war elephants and became Rome's gateway to the riches of India.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit US Government, damit frei verfuegbar, Public domain. An ancient Red Sea port that began as a harbor for war elephants and became Rome's gateway to the riches of India.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/berenice-troglodytica/">Berenice Troglodytica on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: US Government, damit frei verfuegbar | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:22</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Ghadir Khumm</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/ghadir-khumm/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit 14th century author, Public domain. At a desert pool in 632 CE, the Prophet Muhammad spoke of Ali ibn Abi Talib in words Sunni and Shia Muslims have read, with deep respect, in different ways ever since.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit 14th century author, Public domain. At a desert pool in 632 CE, the Prophet Muhammad spoke of Ali ibn Abi Talib in words Sunni and Shia Muslims have read, with deep respect, in different ways ever since.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/ghadir-khumm/">Ghadir Khumm on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: 14th century author | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:51</itunes:duration>
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    <item>
      <title>Battle of Badr</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-badr/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On 17 Ramadan in 624 CE, a small, outnumbered Muslim force met the Quraysh of Mecca at the wells of Badr in a battle remembered as a turning point in early Islam.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On 17 Ramadan in 624 CE, a small, outnumbered Muslim force met the Quraysh of Mecca at the wells of Badr in a battle remembered as a turning point in early Islam.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-badr/">Battle of Badr on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>5:09</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Tiran Island</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tiran-island/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Marc Ryckaert (MJJR), CC BY 3.0. A small, arid island at the mouth of the Gulf of Aqaba whose narrow shipping channel has helped decide the fate of nations.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Marc Ryckaert (MJJR), CC BY 3.0. A small, arid island at the mouth of the Gulf of Aqaba whose narrow shipping channel has helped decide the fate of nations.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tiran-island/">Tiran Island on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Marc Ryckaert (MJJR) | CC BY 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:46</itunes:duration>
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    <item>
      <title>Neom</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/neom/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Public domain. Saudi Arabia's $500-billion bid to build a futuristic city from bare desert, and the people whose homes stood in its way.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Public domain. Saudi Arabia's $500-billion bid to build a futuristic city from bare desert, and the people whose homes stood in its way.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/neom/">Neom on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:46</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Al-Ula</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/al-ula/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Sammy Six, CC BY 2.0. A northwest Arabian oasis where seven thousand years of caravans, kingdoms, and carved sandstone meet beneath towering cliffs.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Sammy Six, CC BY 2.0. A northwest Arabian oasis where seven thousand years of caravans, kingdoms, and carved sandstone meet beneath towering cliffs.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/al-ula/">Al-Ula on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Sammy Six | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:47</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Battle of Khaybar</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-khaybar/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Hardscarf, CC BY-SA 4.0. In 628 CE the early Muslim community besieged the fortified Jewish oasis of Khaybar, a campaign remembered as much for one warrior's feat as for its consequences.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Hardscarf, CC BY-SA 4.0. In 628 CE the early Muslim community besieged the fortified Jewish oasis of Khaybar, a campaign remembered as much for one warrior's feat as for its consequences.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-khaybar/">Battle of Khaybar on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Hardscarf | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:33</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Khaybar</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/khaybar/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An ancient date-palm oasis ringed by black lava fields, whose buried Bronze Age town is rewriting the early history of Arabia.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>An ancient date-palm oasis ringed by black lava fields, whose buried Bronze Age town is rewriting the early history of Arabia.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/khaybar/">Khaybar on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:42</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Hegra</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/hegra/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Richard.hargas, CC BY-SA 4.0. The Nabataeans carved a city of monumental tombs from the desert rock here, the great southern sister to Petra and Saudi Arabia's first World Heritage Site.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Richard.hargas, CC BY-SA 4.0. The Nabataeans carved a city of monumental tombs from the desert rock here, the great southern sister to Petra and Saudi Arabia's first World Heritage Site.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/hegra/">Hegra on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Richard.hargas | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:21</itunes:duration>
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    <item>
      <title>Al Naslaa</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/al-naslaa/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Disdero, CC BY-SA 4.0. A freestanding desert boulder split down the middle by a fissure so straight and clean it looks machine-cut, though the explanation is pure geology.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Disdero, CC BY-SA 4.0. A freestanding desert boulder split down the middle by a fissure so straight and clean it looks machine-cut, though the explanation is pure geology.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/al-naslaa/">Al Naslaa on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Disdero | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>3:59</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Tayma</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tayma/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Unknown artist, Public domain. One of Arabia's oldest oases and a great caravan town, Tayma is where a Babylonian king abandoned his throne to live for a decade in the desert.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Unknown artist, Public domain. One of Arabia's oldest oases and a great caravan town, Tayma is where a Babylonian king abandoned his throne to live for a decade in the desert.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tayma/">Tayma on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Unknown artist | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:03</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Hejaz</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/hejaz/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Nick Shields, CC BY 2.0. The western coast of Arabia: cradle of Islam, home of Mecca and Medina, and the desert stage where a railway and a revolt helped reshape the modern Middle East.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Nick Shields, CC BY 2.0. The western coast of Arabia: cradle of Islam, home of Mecca and Medina, and the desert stage where a railway and a revolt helped reshape the modern Middle East.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/hejaz/">Hejaz on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Nick Shields | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:48</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Mahd Al-Dhahab</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mahd-al-dhahab/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Taylor, C.D., Schulz, K.J., Doebrich, J.L., Orris, G.J., Denning, P.D., and Kirschbaum, M.J., Public domain. The "Cradle of Gold," an Arabian mine worked for nearly five thousand years and tied by legend to the riches of King Solomon.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Taylor, C.D., Schulz, K.J., Doebrich, J.L., Orris, G.J., Denning, P.D., and Kirschbaum, M.J., Public domain. The "Cradle of Gold," an Arabian mine worked for nearly five thousand years and tied by legend to the riches of King Solomon.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/mahd-al-dhahab/">Mahd Al-Dhahab on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Taylor, C.D., Schulz, K.J., Doebrich, J.L., Orris, G.J., Denning, P.D., and Kirschbaum, M.J. | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
      <title>Al-Baqi Cemetery</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/al-baqi-cemetery/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Md iet (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. Jannat al-Baqi, the principal cemetery of Medina, holds the graves of thousands of the Prophet Muhammad's family and companions beside his mosque.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Md iet (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. Jannat al-Baqi, the principal cemetery of Medina, holds the graves of thousands of the Prophet Muhammad's family and companions beside his mosque.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/al-baqi-cemetery/">Al-Baqi Cemetery on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Md iet (talk) | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:24</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Battle of the Trench</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-trench/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit DrZubairRashid, CC BY-SA 4.0. In 627 CE, the Muslims of Medina dug a defensive trench on a Persian convert's advice and turned back a vast confederate siege almost without a fight.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit DrZubairRashid, CC BY-SA 4.0. In 627 CE, the Muslims of Medina dug a defensive trench on a Persian convert's advice and turned back a vast confederate siege almost without a fight.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-trench/">Battle of the Trench on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: DrZubairRashid | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/k/5/battle-of-the-trench-wp/suk5-battle-of-the-trench-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/k/5/battle-of-the-trench-wp/suk5-battle-of-the-trench-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3114927"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:13</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/k/5/battle-of-the-trench-wp/suk5-battle-of-the-trench-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Medina</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/medina/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Al-Madinah, the city that welcomed the Prophet Muhammad and holds his tomb, is the second-holiest place in Islam and a destination for millions of pilgrims each year.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Al-Madinah, the city that welcomed the Prophet Muhammad and holds his tomb, is the second-holiest place in Islam and a destination for millions of pilgrims each year.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/medina/">Medina on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/k/5/medina-wp/suk5-medina-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/k/5/medina-wp/suk5-medina-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3163726"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:13</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/k/5/medina-wp/suk5-medina-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Prophet&apos;s Mosque</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/prophet-s-mosque/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Wurzelgnohm, CC0. Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, built by the Prophet Muhammad himself in 622, is the second-holiest mosque in Islam and the site of his tomb beneath the Green Dome.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Wurzelgnohm, CC0. Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, built by the Prophet Muhammad himself in 622, is the second-holiest mosque in Islam and the site of his tomb beneath the Green Dome.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/prophet-s-mosque/">Prophet&apos;s Mosque on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Wurzelgnohm | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/k/5/prophet-s-mosque-wp/suk5-prophet-s-mosque-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/k/5/prophet-s-mosque-wp/suk5-prophet-s-mosque-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3355970"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:28</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/k/5/prophet-s-mosque-wp/suk5-prophet-s-mosque-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Quba Mosque</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/quba-mosque/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit يحيى الزعبي 2025, CC BY 3.0. On the outskirts of Medina stands Masjid Quba, regarded as the first mosque built in Islam, founded on the first day of the Prophet's migration.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit يحيى الزعبي 2025, CC BY 3.0. On the outskirts of Medina stands Masjid Quba, regarded as the first mosque built in Islam, founded on the first day of the Prophet's migration.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/quba-mosque/">Quba Mosque on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: يحيى الزعبي 2025 | CC BY 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/k/5/quba-mosque-wp/suk5-quba-mosque-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/k/5/quba-mosque-wp/suk5-quba-mosque-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3241728"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:25</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/k/5/quba-mosque-wp/suk5-quba-mosque-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Najd</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/najd/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Peter Dowley from Dubai, United Arab Emirates, CC BY 2.0. The high desert heartland of Arabia, where a limestone escarpment, a string of mudbrick oasis towns, and the dynasty that became Saudi Arabia all rose from the same dry plateau.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Peter Dowley from Dubai, United Arab Emirates, CC BY 2.0. The high desert heartland of Arabia, where a limestone escarpment, a string of mudbrick oasis towns, and the dynasty that became Saudi Arabia all rose from the same dry plateau.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/najd/">Najd on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Peter Dowley from Dubai, United Arab Emirates | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/q/f/najd-wp/suqf-najd-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/q/f/najd-wp/suqf-najd-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3531924"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:48</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/q/f/najd-wp/suqf-najd-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mustatil</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mustatil/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Carport, CC BY-SA 3.0. Scattered by the thousand across northwest Arabia, these long, low stone rectangles are among the oldest monumental structures on Earth, built for a cattle cult roughly two thousand years before Stonehenge.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Carport, CC BY-SA 3.0. Scattered by the thousand across northwest Arabia, these long, low stone rectangles are among the oldest monumental structures on Earth, built for a cattle cult roughly two thousand years before Stonehenge.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/mustatil/">Mustatil on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Carport | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/s/5/mustatil-wp/sus5-mustatil-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/s/5/mustatil-wp/sus5-mustatil-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3092467"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:17</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/s/5/mustatil-wp/sus5-mustatil-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rock Art of Hail Province</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/rock-art-of-hail-province/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit DEMIS Mapserver, पाटलिपुत्र, CC BY-SA 3.0. On two sandstone outcrops in Saudi Arabia's Hail Province, tens of thousands of carvings record ten thousand years of human life, hunters, herders, vanished wildlife, and the people who watched their world turn to desert.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit DEMIS Mapserver, पाटलिपुत्र, CC BY-SA 3.0. On two sandstone outcrops in Saudi Arabia's Hail Province, tens of thousands of carvings record ten thousand years of human life, hunters, herders, vanished wildlife, and the people who watched their world turn to desert.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/rock-art-of-hail-province/">Rock Art of Hail Province on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: DEMIS Mapserver, पाटलिपुत्र | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/v/p/rock-art-of-hail-province-wp/suvp-rock-art-of-hail-province-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/v/p/rock-art-of-hail-province-wp/suvp-rock-art-of-hail-province-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3173213"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:16</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/u/v/p/rock-art-of-hail-province-wp/suvp-rock-art-of-hail-province-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Queen Elizabeth 2</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/queen-elizabeth-2/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit 663highland, CC BY 2.5. Cunard's flagship for nearly four decades, the QE2 carried 2.5 million passengers across the Atlantic, hauled troops to the Falklands, and now serves dinner in Dubai as a floating hotel.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit 663highland, CC BY 2.5. Cunard's flagship for nearly four decades, the QE2 carried 2.5 million passengers across the Atlantic, hauled troops to the Falklands, and now serves dinner in Dubai as a floating hotel.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/queen-elizabeth-2/">Queen Elizabeth 2 on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: 663highland | CC BY 2.5</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 31 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/t/h/r/r/queen-elizabeth-2-wp/thrr-queen-elizabeth-2-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/t/h/r/r/queen-elizabeth-2-wp/thrr-queen-elizabeth-2-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3964432"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:25</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/t/h/r/r/queen-elizabeth-2-wp/thrr-queen-elizabeth-2-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Agordat (1941)</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-agordat-1941/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Public domain. A five-day battle in the Eritrean foothills in January 1941 - where an Italian cavalry officer led what may have been the last colonial cavalry charge in history.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Public domain. A five-day battle in the Eritrean foothills in January 1941 - where an Italian cavalry officer led what may have been the last colonial cavalry charge in history.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-agordat-1941/">Battle of Agordat (1941) on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/f/b/battle-of-agordat-1941-wp/sffb-battle-of-agordat-1941-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/f/b/battle-of-agordat-1941-wp/sffb-battle-of-agordat-1941-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4638143"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:26</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/f/b/battle-of-agordat-1941-wp/sffb-battle-of-agordat-1941-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Keren</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-keren/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Marco Fera, CC BY-SA 3.0. For fifty-three days in 1941, British Indian, Sudanese, and Free French troops battered themselves against the granite ridges above an Eritrean railway town - in what one historian called 'the unknown victory.']]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Marco Fera, CC BY-SA 3.0. For fifty-three days in 1941, British Indian, Sudanese, and Free French troops battered themselves against the granite ridges above an Eritrean railway town - in what one historian called 'the unknown victory.'</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-keren/">Battle of Keren on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Marco Fera | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/g/3/battle-of-keren-wp/sfg3-battle-of-keren-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/g/3/battle-of-keren-wp/sfg3-battle-of-keren-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4715205"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:25</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/g/3/battle-of-keren-wp/sfg3-battle-of-keren-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Keren, Eritrea</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/keren-eritrea/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Voice of Clam, Public domain. A granite bowl in the Eritrean highlands where caravan routes, colonial modernization, and three wars have left overlapping layers.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Voice of Clam, Public domain. A granite bowl in the Eritrean highlands where caravan routes, colonial modernization, and three wars have left overlapping layers.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/keren-eritrea/">Keren, Eritrea on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Voice of Clam | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/g/3/keren-eritrea-wp/sfg3-keren-eritrea-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/g/3/keren-eritrea-wp/sfg3-keren-eritrea-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4291655"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:48</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/g/3/keren-eritrea-wp/sfg3-keren-eritrea-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Anseba region</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/anseba-region/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit David Stanley from Nanaimo, Canada, CC BY 2.0. A highland region of Eritrea named for the river that drops from Asmara's outskirts into the Sudanese lowlands, centered on the ancient trading town of Keren.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit David Stanley from Nanaimo, Canada, CC BY 2.0. A highland region of Eritrea named for the river that drops from Asmara's outskirts into the Sudanese lowlands, centered on the ancient trading town of Keren.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/anseba-region/">Anseba region on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: David Stanley from Nanaimo, Canada | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/g/5/anseba-region-wp/sfg5-anseba-region-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/g/5/anseba-region-wp/sfg5-anseba-region-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4208252"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:40</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/g/5/anseba-region-wp/sfg5-anseba-region-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Northern Red Sea region</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/northern-red-sea-region/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Reinhard Dietrich, CC0. Eritrea's coastal province stretches along three quarters of the Red Sea's western shore, cradling the ancient port of Massawa and the 209 islands of the Dahlak Archipelago.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Reinhard Dietrich, CC0. Eritrea's coastal province stretches along three quarters of the Red Sea's western shore, cradling the ancient port of Massawa and the 209 islands of the Dahlak Archipelago.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/northern-red-sea-region/">Northern Red Sea region on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Reinhard Dietrich | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/g/e/northern-red-sea-region-wp/sfge-northern-red-sea-region-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/g/e/northern-red-sea-region-wp/sfge-northern-red-sea-region-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3589313"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:52</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/g/e/northern-red-sea-region-wp/sfge-northern-red-sea-region-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Nakfa</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nakfa/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Prof tpms, CC BY-SA 3.0. The remote Sahel village that gave its name to Eritrea's currency - liberation ground, hilltop refuge, and a place most foreigners cannot reach.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Prof tpms, CC BY-SA 3.0. The remote Sahel village that gave its name to Eritrea's currency - liberation ground, hilltop refuge, and a place most foreigners cannot reach.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nakfa/">Nakfa on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Prof tpms | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/g/q/nakfa-wk/sfgq-nakfa-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/g/q/nakfa-wk/sfgq-nakfa-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4787776"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:31</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/g/q/nakfa-wk/sfgq-nakfa-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Arkiko</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/arkiko/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A Red Sea town that was once northern Ethiopia's gateway to global trade, now a faded fishing village across the water from Massawa.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A Red Sea town that was once northern Ethiopia's gateway to global trade, now a faded fishing village across the water from Massawa.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/arkiko/">Arkiko on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/u/0/arkiko-wp/sfu0-arkiko-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/u/0/arkiko-wp/sfu0-arkiko-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4275029"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:56</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Attack on Convoy BN 7</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/attack-on-convoy-bn-7/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Public domain. A confused night battle in the Red Sea in October 1940 - Italian destroyers attacking a British convoy, one ship lost, one captain who refused to leave his ship.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Public domain. A confused night battle in the Red Sea in October 1940 - Italian destroyers attacking a British convoy, one ship lost, one captain who refused to leave his ship.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/attack-on-convoy-bn-7/">Attack on Convoy BN 7 on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/u/0/attack-on-convoy-bn-7-wp/sfu0-attack-on-convoy-bn-7-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/u/0/attack-on-convoy-bn-7-wp/sfu0-attack-on-convoy-bn-7-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4505879"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:08</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/u/0/attack-on-convoy-bn-7-wp/sfu0-attack-on-convoy-bn-7-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Massawa</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/massawa/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit David Stanley from Nanaimo, Canada, CC BY 2.0. A traveler's view of Eritrea's Red Sea port, where climb down from Asmara means shedding three layers and arriving among coral houses and causeway islands.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit David Stanley from Nanaimo, Canada, CC BY 2.0. A traveler's view of Eritrea's Red Sea port, where climb down from Asmara means shedding three layers and arriving among coral houses and causeway islands.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/massawa/">Massawa on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: David Stanley from Nanaimo, Canada | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/u/0/massawa-wk/sfu0-massawa-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/u/0/massawa-wk/sfu0-massawa-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4359835"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:56</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/u/0/massawa-wk/sfu0-massawa-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Massawa</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/massawa/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An Eritrean Red Sea port that has served Ottoman, Khedivate, Italian, Ethiopian, and Eritrean flags without ever really belonging to any of them.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>An Eritrean Red Sea port that has served Ottoman, Khedivate, Italian, Ethiopian, and Eritrean flags without ever really belonging to any of them.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/massawa/">Massawa on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/u/0/massawa-wp/sfu0-massawa-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/u/0/massawa-wp/sfu0-massawa-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="5098329"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:57</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/u/0/massawa-wp/sfu0-massawa-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Nokra Naval Base</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nokra-naval-base/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Solomatkins, CC BY 3.0. For fourteen years a Soviet Navy logistics point operated quietly from a Red Sea island - until it was shelled into evacuation.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Solomatkins, CC BY 3.0. For fourteen years a Soviet Navy logistics point operated quietly from a Red Sea island - until it was shelled into evacuation.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nokra-naval-base/">Nokra Naval Base on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Solomatkins | CC BY 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/u/3/nokra-naval-base-wp/sfu3-nokra-naval-base-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/u/3/nokra-naval-base-wp/sfu3-nokra-naval-base-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="5312662"/>
      <itunes:duration>7:18</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/u/3/nokra-naval-base-wp/sfu3-nokra-naval-base-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Italian Submarine Guglielmotti (1938)</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/italian-submarine-guglielmotti-1938/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A 72-meter Brin-class submarine that served in the Red Sea, circumnavigated Africa to reach Bordeaux, and was sunk by a British submarine in 1942 with all 61 men aboard.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A 72-meter Brin-class submarine that served in the Red Sea, circumnavigated Africa to reach Bordeaux, and was sunk by a British submarine in 1942 with all 61 men aboard.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/italian-submarine-guglielmotti-1938/">Italian Submarine Guglielmotti (1938) on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/v/d/italian-submarine-guglielmotti-1938-wp/sfvd-italian-submarine-guglielmotti-1938-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/v/d/italian-submarine-guglielmotti-1938-wp/sfvd-italian-submarine-guglielmotti-1938-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4519023"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:16</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Port Midi</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-port-midi/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A small Red Sea port became a choke point in Yemen's civil war - and the site of one of the war's deadliest airstrikes on civilians.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A small Red Sea port became a choke point in Yemen's civil war - and the site of one of the war's deadliest airstrikes on civilians.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-port-midi/">Battle of Port Midi on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/y/s/battle-of-port-midi-wp/sfys-battle-of-port-midi-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/y/s/battle-of-port-midi-wp/sfys-battle-of-port-midi-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3578435"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:58</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Amran</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-amran/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A two-day battle in July 2014 that shattered the power of the Al Ahmar clan in northern Yemen and opened the road to Sana'a for the Houthi movement.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A two-day battle in July 2014 that shattered the power of the Al Ahmar clan in northern Yemen and opened the road to Sana'a for the Houthi movement.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-amran/">Battle of Amran on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/z/1/battle-of-amran-wp/sfz1-battle-of-amran-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/f/z/1/battle-of-amran-wp/sfz1-battle-of-amran-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4577241"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:21</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Red Sea State</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/red-sea-state/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Bunks, CC BY 3.0. Sudan's maritime wilaya, 218,887 square kilometers of Red Sea coast, Beja homeland, and the country's only outlet to world trade.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Bunks, CC BY 3.0. Sudan's maritime wilaya, 218,887 square kilometers of Red Sea coast, Beja homeland, and the country's only outlet to world trade.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/red-sea-state/">Red Sea State on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Bunks | CC BY 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/3/k/red-sea-state-wp/sg3k-red-sea-state-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/3/k/red-sea-state-wp/sg3k-red-sea-state-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4570605"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:20</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/3/k/red-sea-state-wp/sg3k-red-sea-state-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>First and second battles of El Teb</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/first-and-second-battles-of-el-teb/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Unknown author, Public domain. On a patch of scrub between the Red Sea and besieged Tokar, Sudanese Mahdist fighters under Osman Digna routed a British-led Egyptian column in February 1884 - and were crushed in turn three weeks later.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Unknown author, Public domain. On a patch of scrub between the Red Sea and besieged Tokar, Sudanese Mahdist fighters under Osman Digna routed a British-led Egyptian column in February 1884 - and were crushed in turn three weeks later.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/first-and-second-battles-of-el-teb/">First and second battles of El Teb on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Unknown author | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/6/c/first-and-second-battles-of-el-teb-wp/sg6c-first-and-second-battles-of-el-teb-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/6/c/first-and-second-battles-of-el-teb-wp/sg6c-first-and-second-battles-of-el-teb-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3940317"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:19</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/6/c/first-and-second-battles-of-el-teb-wp/sg6c-first-and-second-battles-of-el-teb-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Iran–Israel proxy conflict in Sudan</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/iran-israel-proxy-conflict-in-sudan/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 2009, Israeli strike aircraft reportedly flew a two-and-a-half-hour mission down the Red Sea coast to destroy weapons convoys in Sudan. It was the first public glimpse of a covert war fought across the Red Sea for more than a decade.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In 2009, Israeli strike aircraft reportedly flew a two-and-a-half-hour mission down the Red Sea coast to destroy weapons convoys in Sudan. It was the first public glimpse of a covert war fought across the Red Sea for more than a decade.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/iran-israel-proxy-conflict-in-sudan/">Iran–Israel proxy conflict in Sudan on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/6/r/iran-israel-proxy-conflict-in-sudan-wp/sg6r-iran-israel-proxy-conflict-in-sudan-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/6/r/iran-israel-proxy-conflict-in-sudan-wp/sg6r-iran-israel-proxy-conflict-in-sudan-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4713547"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:32</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Port Sudan</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/port-sudan/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Bertramz, CC BY 3.0. A British-built Red Sea port that now serves as Sudan's wartime capital and a refuge for civilians displaced by the fighting in Khartoum.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Bertramz, CC BY 3.0. A British-built Red Sea port that now serves as Sudan's wartime capital and a refuge for civilians displaced by the fighting in Khartoum.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/port-sudan/">Port Sudan on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Bertramz | CC BY 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/6/r/port-sudan-wp/sg6r-port-sudan-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/6/r/port-sudan-wp/sg6r-port-sudan-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4603752"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:15</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/6/r/port-sudan-wp/sg6r-port-sudan-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Suakin</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/suakin/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On a circular island off Sudan's Red Sea coast, a ruined city built of coral blocks preserves centuries of trade, pilgrimage, and slow abandonment.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On a circular island off Sudan's Red Sea coast, a ruined city built of coral blocks preserves centuries of trade, pilgrimage, and slow abandonment.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/suakin/">Suakin on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/6/s/suakin-wp/sg6s-suakin-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/6/s/suakin-wp/sg6s-suakin-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4164982"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:41</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/6/s/suakin-wp/sg6s-suakin-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Halaib Triangle</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/halaib-triangle/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Egypt location map.svg; Sudan location map.svg: NordNordWest and Africa location map without rivers.svg: Sting
derivative work: User:Пакко, CC BY-SA 3.0. A 20,580 km² wedge of Red Sea coastline where Egypt and Sudan have drawn different lines on the same map for over a century - and where about 27,000 people live inside the disagreement.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Egypt location map.svg; Sudan location map.svg: NordNordWest and Africa location map without rivers.svg: Sting
derivative work: User:Пакко, CC BY-SA 3.0. A 20,580 km² wedge of Red Sea coastline where Egypt and Sudan have drawn different lines on the same map for over a century - and where about 27,000 people live inside the disagreement.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/halaib-triangle/">Halaib Triangle on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Egypt location map.svg; Sudan location map.svg: NordNordWest and Africa location map without rivers.svg: Sting
derivative work: User:Пакко | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/c/r/halaib-triangle-wp/sgcr-halaib-triangle-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/c/r/halaib-triangle-wp/sgcr-halaib-triangle-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4714447"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:29</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/c/r/halaib-triangle-wp/sgcr-halaib-triangle-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Travels of Ibn Battuta</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/the-travels-of-ibn-battuta/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Ruben, Public domain. A fourteenth-century Moroccan jurist covered 117,000 kilometers across Africa and Asia, and dictated the journey to a scholar in Fez before vanishing into history.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Ruben, Public domain. A fourteenth-century Moroccan jurist covered 117,000 kilometers across Africa and Asia, and dictated the journey to a scholar in Fez before vanishing into history.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/the-travels-of-ibn-battuta/">The Travels of Ibn Battuta on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Ruben | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/c/z/the-travels-of-ibn-battuta-wp/sgcz-the-travels-of-ibn-battuta-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/c/z/the-travels-of-ibn-battuta-wp/sgcz-the-travels-of-ibn-battuta-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4667978"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:18</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/c/z/the-travels-of-ibn-battuta-wp/sgcz-the-travels-of-ibn-battuta-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ibn Battuta</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/ibn-battuta/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), CC BY-SA 4.0. A 21-year-old Moroccan judge set out for Mecca in 1325 and did not come home for 24 years. When he finally wrote it down, his Rihla described a journey of roughly 75,000 miles across three continents - more than any pre-modern traveler.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), CC BY-SA 4.0. A 21-year-old Moroccan judge set out for Mecca in 1325 and did not come home for 24 years. When he finally wrote it down, his Rihla described a journey of roughly 75,000 miles across three continents - more than any pre-modern traveler.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/ibn-battuta/">Ibn Battuta on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/d/2/ibn-battuta-wp/sgd2-ibn-battuta-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/d/2/ibn-battuta-wp/sgd2-ibn-battuta-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="5168833"/>
      <itunes:duration>7:01</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/d/2/ibn-battuta-wp/sgd2-ibn-battuta-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Operation Moses</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/operation-moses/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The seven-week covert airlift that carried roughly 8,000 Ethiopian Jews out of Sudanese refugee camps to Israel in 1984-85, after thousands had died on the walk from Ethiopia.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The seven-week covert airlift that carried roughly 8,000 Ethiopian Jews out of Sudanese refugee camps to Israel in 1984-85, after thousands had died on the walk from Ethiopia.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/operation-moses/">Operation Moses on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/d/3/operation-moses-wp/sgd3-operation-moses-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/d/3/operation-moses-wp/sgd3-operation-moses-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4684997"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:30</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Red Sea Rift</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/red-sea-rift/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Razashah1, CC BY 3.0. The slow seam where Africa and Arabia pull apart by about a centimeter a year, opening a new ocean beneath the world's saltiest sea.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Razashah1, CC BY 3.0. The slow seam where Africa and Arabia pull apart by about a centimeter a year, opening a new ocean beneath the world's saltiest sea.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/red-sea-rift/">Red Sea Rift on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Razashah1 | CC BY 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/e/p/red-sea-rift-wp/sgep-red-sea-rift-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/e/p/red-sea-rift-wp/sgep-red-sea-rift-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4603423"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:23</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/e/p/red-sea-rift-wp/sgep-red-sea-rift-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Al-Balad, Jeddah</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/al-balad-jeddah/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Hardscarf, CC BY-SA 4.0. Jeddah's historic heart - a UNESCO-listed quarter of coral-stone houses, carved roshan windows, and alleyways older than most of the modern kingdom.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Hardscarf, CC BY-SA 4.0. Jeddah's historic heart - a UNESCO-listed quarter of coral-stone houses, carved roshan windows, and alleyways older than most of the modern kingdom.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/al-balad-jeddah/">Al-Balad, Jeddah on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Hardscarf | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/al-balad-jeddah-wp/sggf-al-balad-jeddah-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/al-balad-jeddah-wp/sggf-al-balad-jeddah-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4274147"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:48</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/al-balad-jeddah-wp/sggf-al-balad-jeddah-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Habesh Eyalet</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/habesh-eyalet/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Underlying lk, CC BY-SA 3.0. An Ottoman province stretched thin across both shores of the Red Sea - Jeddah on the Hejaz coast, Suakin and Massawa in Africa - meant to hold the pilgrim route against Portuguese incursion.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Underlying lk, CC BY-SA 3.0. An Ottoman province stretched thin across both shores of the Red Sea - Jeddah on the Hejaz coast, Suakin and Massawa in Africa - meant to hold the pilgrim route against Portuguese incursion.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/habesh-eyalet/">Habesh Eyalet on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Underlying lk | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/habesh-eyalet-wp/sggf-habesh-eyalet-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/habesh-eyalet-wp/sggf-habesh-eyalet-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4155396"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:40</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/habesh-eyalet-wp/sggf-habesh-eyalet-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Jeddah International Airport (closed 1981)</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/jeddah-international-airport-closed-1981/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Bollardant, CC0. Before there was King Abdulaziz International, there was Kandara Aerodrome, a sand strip where camels intruded on the runway and pilgrims slept in a city built for them next to the hangars.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Bollardant, CC0. Before there was King Abdulaziz International, there was Kandara Aerodrome, a sand strip where camels intruded on the runway and pilgrims slept in a city built for them next to the hangars.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/jeddah-international-airport-closed-1981/">Jeddah International Airport (closed 1981) on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Bollardant | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/jeddah-international-airport-closed-1981-wp/sggf-jeddah-international-airport-closed-1981-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/jeddah-international-airport-closed-1981-wp/sggf-jeddah-international-airport-closed-1981-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4647616"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:19</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/jeddah-international-airport-closed-1981-wp/sggf-jeddah-international-airport-closed-1981-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Jeddah</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/jeddah/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit User:Jpatokal, CC BY-SA 4.0. Saudi Arabia's second-largest city and its main gateway for Hajj pilgrims, where multi-story coral houses crumble in the old town and Formula One cars tear along the world's longest street circuit.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit User:Jpatokal, CC BY-SA 4.0. Saudi Arabia's second-largest city and its main gateway for Hajj pilgrims, where multi-story coral houses crumble in the old town and Formula One cars tear along the world's longest street circuit.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/jeddah/">Jeddah on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: User:Jpatokal | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/jeddah-wk/sggf-jeddah-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/jeddah-wk/sggf-jeddah-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3613426"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:53</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/jeddah-wk/sggf-jeddah-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Jeddah</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/jeddah/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The city motto translates as Jeddah is different, and the claim holds: on a coast that is supposed to be Saudi Arabia, here is a Red Sea port with coral-stone houses, Henry Moore sculptures in the roundabouts, and a fountain 312 meters high.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The city motto translates as Jeddah is different, and the claim holds: on a coast that is supposed to be Saudi Arabia, here is a Red Sea port with coral-stone houses, Henry Moore sculptures in the roundabouts, and a fountain 312 meters high.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/jeddah/">Jeddah on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/jeddah-wp/sggf-jeddah-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/jeddah-wp/sggf-jeddah-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4424094"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:03</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/jeddah-wp/sggf-jeddah-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Nasseef House</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nasseef-house/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Sammy Six, CC BY 2.0. A seven-story coral-stone merchant's house on old Jeddah's main street, famous for the single neem tree that once made it the only shaded address in Al-Balad.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Sammy Six, CC BY 2.0. A seven-story coral-stone merchant's house on old Jeddah's main street, famous for the single neem tree that once made it the only shaded address in Al-Balad.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nasseef-house/">Nasseef House on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Sammy Six | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/nasseef-house-wp/sggf-nasseef-house-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/nasseef-house-wp/sggf-nasseef-house-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3886777"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:16</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/f/nasseef-house-wp/sggf-nasseef-house-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Jeddah Tower</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/jeddah-tower/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Fahadharbi, CC0. Twenty kilometers north of Jeddah, on porous coral rock that should not hold a skyscraper, a building designed to be the world's first one-kilometer tall is rising again after nearly a decade of silence.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Fahadharbi, CC0. Twenty kilometers north of Jeddah, on porous coral rock that should not hold a skyscraper, a building designed to be the world's first one-kilometer tall is rising again after nearly a decade of silence.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/jeddah-tower/">Jeddah Tower on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Fahadharbi | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/g/jeddah-tower-wp/sggg-jeddah-tower-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/g/jeddah-tower-wp/sggg-jeddah-tower-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4507007"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:10</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/g/jeddah-tower-wp/sggg-jeddah-tower-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Red Sea</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/red-sea/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Romazur, CC BY-SA 3.0. The world's northernmost tropical sea, a saltwater inlet of the Indian Ocean that splits Africa from Arabia and hosts coral reefs among the healthiest on Earth.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Romazur, CC BY-SA 3.0. The world's northernmost tropical sea, a saltwater inlet of the Indian Ocean that splits Africa from Arabia and hosts coral reefs among the healthiest on Earth.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/red-sea/">Red Sea on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Romazur | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/j/red-sea-wp/sggj-red-sea-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/j/red-sea-wp/sggj-red-sea-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="5106313"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:58</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/g/j/red-sea-wp/sggj-red-sea-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dhorm Mountain</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/dhorm-mountain/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Buaidh, CC BY-SA 4.0. A 2,200-meter peak in Saudi Arabia's Sarawat Mountains, named for a plant, topped with the traditional grave of the sage Luqman.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Buaidh, CC BY-SA 4.0. A 2,200-meter peak in Saudi Arabia's Sarawat Mountains, named for a plant, topped with the traditional grave of the sage Luqman.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/dhorm-mountain/">Dhorm Mountain on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Buaidh | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/m/f/dhorm-mountain-wp/sgmf-dhorm-mountain-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/m/f/dhorm-mountain-wp/sgmf-dhorm-mountain-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4598309"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:23</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/m/f/dhorm-mountain-wp/sgmf-dhorm-mountain-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bareq</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/bareq/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Zahiralbarqi, CC BY-SA 3.0. A fertile governorate in Asir where the last pre-Islamic market once stood - now a winter resort of 500 villages and 60,000 speakers of its own Arabic dialect.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Zahiralbarqi, CC BY-SA 3.0. A fertile governorate in Asir where the last pre-Islamic market once stood - now a winter resort of 500 villages and 60,000 speakers of its own Arabic dialect.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/bareq/">Bareq on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Zahiralbarqi | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/m/g/bareq-wp/sgmg-bareq-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/m/g/bareq-wp/sgmg-bareq-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4393473"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:03</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/m/g/bareq-wp/sgmg-bareq-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Kunfuda Bay</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-kunfuda-bay/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Unknown author, Public domain. In January 1912, an Italian cruiser squadron sank the last Ottoman Red Sea gunboats off the Saudi coast, ending Ottoman naval power in the region.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Unknown author, Public domain. In January 1912, an Italian cruiser squadron sank the last Ottoman Red Sea gunboats off the Saudi coast, ending Ottoman naval power in the region.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-kunfuda-bay/">Battle of Kunfuda Bay on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Unknown author | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/m/h/battle-of-kunfuda-bay-wp/sgmh-battle-of-kunfuda-bay-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/m/h/battle-of-kunfuda-bay-wp/sgmh-battle-of-kunfuda-bay-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3988166"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:27</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/m/h/battle-of-kunfuda-bay-wp/sgmh-battle-of-kunfuda-bay-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Abu &apos;Arish</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/abu-arish/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A city in southwestern Saudi Arabia that began as a medieval teaching post under a makeshift wooden pergola, flourished on the old pilgrim route, and now serves as a transportation hub in Jizan Province.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A city in southwestern Saudi Arabia that began as a medieval teaching post under a makeshift wooden pergola, flourished on the old pilgrim route, and now serves as a transportation hub in Jizan Province.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/abu-arish/">Abu &apos;Arish on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/n/2/abu-arish-wp/sgn2-abu-arish-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/n/2/abu-arish-wp/sgn2-abu-arish-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4408251"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:07</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Emirate of Asir</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/emirate-of-asir/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Heritage Commission, CC BY-SA 4.0. A Sufi-founded, Idrisi-led state that flickered on the Red Sea coast of Yemen and southern Arabia from 1907 to 1934, caught between the Ottomans, the British, the Hashemites, and the rising Saudis.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Heritage Commission, CC BY-SA 4.0. A Sufi-founded, Idrisi-led state that flickered on the Red Sea coast of Yemen and southern Arabia from 1907 to 1934, caught between the Ottomans, the British, the Hashemites, and the rising Saudis.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/emirate-of-asir/">Emirate of Asir on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Heritage Commission | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/n/3/emirate-of-asir-wp/sgn3-emirate-of-asir-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/n/3/emirate-of-asir-wp/sgn3-emirate-of-asir-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4264934"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:47</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/n/3/emirate-of-asir-wp/sgn3-emirate-of-asir-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Jazan Province</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/jazan-province/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Bandar Yuosef, CC BY 2.0. On Saudi Arabia's tropical southwestern coast, the kingdom's smallest-by-density province grows coffee at 3,000 meters, mangoes in the lowlands, and an archipelago of two hundred islands in the Red Sea.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Bandar Yuosef, CC BY 2.0. On Saudi Arabia's tropical southwestern coast, the kingdom's smallest-by-density province grows coffee at 3,000 meters, mangoes in the lowlands, and an archipelago of two hundred islands in the Red Sea.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/jazan-province/">Jazan Province on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Bandar Yuosef | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/n/5/jazan-province-wp/sgn5-jazan-province-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/n/5/jazan-province-wp/sgn5-jazan-province-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4140165"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:40</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/n/5/jazan-province-wp/sgn5-jazan-province-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>2025 Saada prison airstrike</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/2025-saada-prison-airstrike/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On 28 April 2025, United States airstrikes killed at least 68 African migrants held in a Houthi-run detention centre in Yemen, the deadliest single civilian loss from an American military operation since 2017.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On 28 April 2025, United States airstrikes killed at least 68 African migrants held in a Houthi-run detention centre in Yemen, the deadliest single civilian loss from an American military operation since 2017.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/2025-saada-prison-airstrike/">2025 Saada prison airstrike on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/0/2025-saada-prison-airstrike-wp/sgp0-2025-saada-prison-airstrike-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/0/2025-saada-prison-airstrike-wp/sgp0-2025-saada-prison-airstrike-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4768113"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:37</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Saada</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/saada/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Bernard Gagnon, CC BY-SA 3.0. A walled medieval city 1,800 meters up in the mountains of northwest Yemen, founded in 897 by the Zaydi Imam Hadi, now the heartland of the Houthi movement and a frequent target of airstrikes.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Bernard Gagnon, CC BY-SA 3.0. A walled medieval city 1,800 meters up in the mountains of northwest Yemen, founded in 897 by the Zaydi Imam Hadi, now the heartland of the Houthi movement and a frequent target of airstrikes.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/saada/">Saada on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Bernard Gagnon | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/0/saada-wp/sgp0-saada-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/0/saada-wp/sgp0-saada-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4879997"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:40</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/0/saada-wp/sgp0-saada-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Siege of Dammaj</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-dammaj/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The 2011-2014 Houthi siege of a Salafi town and its religious school in northern Yemen, a local sectarian fight that reflected the larger Saudi-Iranian contest.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The 2011-2014 Houthi siege of a Salafi town and its religious school in northern Yemen, a local sectarian fight that reflected the larger Saudi-Iranian contest.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-dammaj/">Siege of Dammaj on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/0/siege-of-dammaj-wp/sgp0-siege-of-dammaj-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/0/siege-of-dammaj-wp/sgp0-siege-of-dammaj-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="5025961"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:58</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Houthi insurgency</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/houthi-insurgency/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Henry Ridgwell (VOA), Public domain. What began in 2004 as a Zaidi religious rebellion in Yemen's forgotten north grew, across six phases of war and one 2014 takeover of Sana'a, into the Arab world's worst humanitarian catastrophe.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Henry Ridgwell (VOA), Public domain. What began in 2004 as a Zaidi religious rebellion in Yemen's forgotten north grew, across six phases of war and one 2014 takeover of Sana'a, into the Arab world's worst humanitarian catastrophe.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/houthi-insurgency/">Houthi insurgency on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Henry Ridgwell (VOA) | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/1/houthi-insurgency-wp/sgp1-houthi-insurgency-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/1/houthi-insurgency-wp/sgp1-houthi-insurgency-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="5160712"/>
      <itunes:duration>7:04</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/1/houthi-insurgency-wp/sgp1-houthi-insurgency-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Al-Okhdood</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/al-okhdood/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Mohammad Umair Yaqub, CC BY-SA 4.0. An ancient ruined town in southern Saudi Arabia where, in the 520s, a king burned the Christians of Najran in trenches - a massacre the Quran later named.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Mohammad Umair Yaqub, CC BY-SA 4.0. An ancient ruined town in southern Saudi Arabia where, in the 520s, a king burned the Christians of Najran in trenches - a massacre the Quran later named.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/al-okhdood/">Al-Okhdood on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Mohammad Umair Yaqub | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/7/al-okhdood-wp/sgp7-al-okhdood-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/7/al-okhdood-wp/sgp7-al-okhdood-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4555494"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:14</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/7/al-okhdood-wp/sgp7-al-okhdood-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/houthi-saudi-arabian-conflict/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Felton Davis, CC BY 2.0. Since 2015, a cross-border war has run along the Saudi-Yemeni frontier - Saudi air strikes into Houthi-held Yemen, Houthi missiles and drones deep into the Kingdom - and the civilians on both sides have paid for every escalation.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Felton Davis, CC BY 2.0. Since 2015, a cross-border war has run along the Saudi-Yemeni frontier - Saudi air strikes into Houthi-held Yemen, Houthi missiles and drones deep into the Kingdom - and the civilians on both sides have paid for every escalation.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/houthi-saudi-arabian-conflict/">Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Felton Davis | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/7/houthi-saudi-arabian-conflict-wp/sgp7-houthi-saudi-arabian-conflict-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/7/houthi-saudi-arabian-conflict-wp/sgp7-houthi-saudi-arabian-conflict-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4880732"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:36</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/7/houthi-saudi-arabian-conflict-wp/sgp7-houthi-saudi-arabian-conflict-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Najran Province</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/najran-province/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Mansour mohsen, CC BY-SA 4.0. At the southern edge of Saudi Arabia, in a fertile valley that has sheltered Christians, Jews, Ismaili Muslims, and Sunni Muslims in succession, lies a corner of the kingdom that has always been its own.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Mansour mohsen, CC BY-SA 4.0. At the southern edge of Saudi Arabia, in a fertile valley that has sheltered Christians, Jews, Ismaili Muslims, and Sunni Muslims in succession, lies a corner of the kingdom that has always been its own.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/najran-province/">Najran Province on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Mansour mohsen | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/7/najran-province-wp/sgp7-najran-province-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/7/najran-province-wp/sgp7-najran-province-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4747900"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:29</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/p/7/najran-province-wp/sgp7-najran-province-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Asir</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/asir/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Wajahatmr, CC BY-SA 3.0. Saudi Arabia's highest mountains, wildest climate swings, and greenest forests - a province that stayed independent longer than almost any other.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Wajahatmr, CC BY-SA 3.0. Saudi Arabia's highest mountains, wildest climate swings, and greenest forests - a province that stayed independent longer than almost any other.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/asir/">Asir on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Wajahatmr | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/q/s/asir-wp/sgqs-asir-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/q/s/asir-wp/sgqs-asir-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="5019701"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:49</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/q/s/asir-wp/sgqs-asir-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Shadah Al-asfal</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/shadah-al-asfal/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Buaidh, CC BY-SA 4.0. A granite mountain in southwestern Saudi Arabia's Sarawat range, rising above Tihamah with caves, rock art, and villages held by the Zahran tribe.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Buaidh, CC BY-SA 4.0. A granite mountain in southwestern Saudi Arabia's Sarawat range, rising above Tihamah with caves, rock art, and villages held by the Zahran tribe.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/shadah-al-asfal/">Shadah Al-asfal on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Buaidh | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/t/2/shadah-al-asfal-wp/sgt2-shadah-al-asfal-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/t/2/shadah-al-asfal-wp/sgt2-shadah-al-asfal-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4926343"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:50</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/t/2/shadah-al-asfal-wp/sgt2-shadah-al-asfal-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Al-Baha</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/al-baha/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit مجووود العدواني, CC BY-SA 3.0. A Saudi mountain city at 2,500 meters where juniper forests grow, fog rolls in from the Red Sea, and a 400-year-old marble village still glows at sunset.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit مجووود العدواني, CC BY-SA 3.0. A Saudi mountain city at 2,500 meters where juniper forests grow, fog rolls in from the Red Sea, and a 400-year-old marble village still glows at sunset.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/al-baha/">Al-Baha on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: مجووود العدواني | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/t/3/al-baha-wp/sgt3-al-baha-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/t/3/al-baha-wp/sgt3-al-baha-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4026848"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:25</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/t/3/al-baha-wp/sgt3-al-baha-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Thee Ain</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/thee-ain/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Heritage Commission, CC BY-SA 4.0. A 49-house stone village on a white hill in southwestern Saudi Arabia's Al-Baha region, named for the spring that still runs beside it.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Heritage Commission, CC BY-SA 4.0. A 49-house stone village on a white hill in southwestern Saudi Arabia's Al-Baha region, named for the spring that still runs beside it.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/thee-ain/">Thee Ain on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Heritage Commission | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/t/3/thee-ain-wp/sgt3-thee-ain-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/t/3/thee-ain-wp/sgt3-thee-ain-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3933914"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:13</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/t/3/thee-ain-wp/sgt3-thee-ain-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Al-Baha Province</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/al-baha-province/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit أسامة الحسني الزهراني, CC BY-SA 4.0. Saudi Arabia's smallest province hides forests in the clouds, terraced villages on cliff tops, and stone towers whose purpose still puzzles historians.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit أسامة الحسني الزهراني, CC BY-SA 4.0. Saudi Arabia's smallest province hides forests in the clouds, terraced villages on cliff tops, and stone towers whose purpose still puzzles historians.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/al-baha-province/">Al-Baha Province on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: أسامة الحسني الزهراني | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/t/9/al-baha-province-wp/sgt9-al-baha-province-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/t/9/al-baha-province-wp/sgt9-al-baha-province-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3860033"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:13</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/t/9/al-baha-province-wp/sgt9-al-baha-province-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>1987 Mecca incident</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/1987-mecca-incident/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Mostafameraji, CC BY-SA 4.0. On 31 July 1987, more than 400 people died in Mecca when Iranian pilgrim demonstrators and Saudi security forces collided at the edge of the hajj, in a confrontation that ruptured Iran-Saudi relations for years.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Mostafameraji, CC BY-SA 4.0. On 31 July 1987, more than 400 people died in Mecca when Iranian pilgrim demonstrators and Saudi security forces collided at the edge of the hajj, in a confrontation that ruptured Iran-Saudi relations for years.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/1987-mecca-incident/">1987 Mecca incident on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Mostafameraji | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/1987-mecca-incident-wp/sgu3-1987-mecca-incident-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/1987-mecca-incident-wp/sgu3-1987-mecca-incident-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4768668"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:33</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/1987-mecca-incident-wp/sgu3-1987-mecca-incident-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>2002 Mecca girls&apos; school fire</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/2002-mecca-girls-school-fire/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fifteen schoolgirls died in a March 2002 fire in Mecca after religious police prevented rescuers from entering the building, according to witnesses, because the students were not wearing modest clothing.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Fifteen schoolgirls died in a March 2002 fire in Mecca after religious police prevented rescuers from entering the building, according to witnesses, because the students were not wearing modest clothing.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/2002-mecca-girls-school-fire/">2002 Mecca girls&apos; school fire on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/2002-mecca-girls-school-fire-wp/sgu3-2002-mecca-girls-school-fire-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/2002-mecca-girls-school-fire-wp/sgu3-2002-mecca-girls-school-fire-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4397159"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Black Stone</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/black-stone/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Rashid Al-Din, Public domain. A fragmented, silver-framed rock in the eastern corner of the Kaaba - touched, kissed, and prayed toward by more than a billion people.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Rashid Al-Din, Public domain. A fragmented, silver-framed rock in the eastern corner of the Kaaba - touched, kissed, and prayed toward by more than a billion people.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/black-stone/">Black Stone on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Rashid Al-Din | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/black-stone-wp/sgu3-black-stone-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/black-stone-wp/sgu3-black-stone-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="5212819"/>
      <itunes:duration>7:00</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/black-stone-wp/sgu3-black-stone-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Grand Mosque seizure</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/grand-mosque-seizure/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Qrmoo3, CC BY-SA 4.0. For two weeks in November and December 1979, armed militants held Islam's holiest site. The hostages were worshippers at dawn prayer. The aftershocks reshaped Saudi Arabia - and the modern Muslim world.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Qrmoo3, CC BY-SA 4.0. For two weeks in November and December 1979, armed militants held Islam's holiest site. The hostages were worshippers at dawn prayer. The aftershocks reshaped Saudi Arabia - and the modern Muslim world.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/grand-mosque-seizure/">Grand Mosque seizure on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Qrmoo3 | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/grand-mosque-seizure-wp/sgu3-grand-mosque-seizure-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/grand-mosque-seizure-wp/sgu3-grand-mosque-seizure-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4508321"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:09</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/grand-mosque-seizure-wp/sgu3-grand-mosque-seizure-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hajj</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/hajj/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The largest annual human migration on Earth: over two million pilgrims converging on Mecca for a five-day ritual that begins with camp tents in Mina and ends with the final circumambulation of the Kaaba.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The largest annual human migration on Earth: over two million pilgrims converging on Mecca for a five-day ritual that begins with camp tents in Mina and ends with the final circumambulation of the Kaaba.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/hajj/">Hajj on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/hajj-wk/sgu3-hajj-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/hajj-wk/sgu3-hajj-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4636023"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:26</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hajj</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/hajj/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Wurzelgnohm, CC0. A pilgrimage whose rituals trace back to Abraham, formalized by Muhammad in 632 CE: the fifth pillar of Islam, performed once in a lifetime by every Muslim who is able.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Wurzelgnohm, CC0. A pilgrimage whose rituals trace back to Abraham, formalized by Muhammad in 632 CE: the fifth pillar of Islam, performed once in a lifetime by every Muslim who is able.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/hajj/">Hajj on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Wurzelgnohm | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/hajj-wp/sgu3-hajj-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/hajj-wp/sgu3-hajj-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4526424"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:07</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/hajj-wp/sgu3-hajj-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hijr Ismail</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/hijr-ismail/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Al Jazeera English, CC BY-SA 2.0. A semi-circular white marble wall beside the Kaaba - low enough to step over, hallowed enough that no pilgrim may enter. The reason why is a story about money, humility, and a Roman shipwreck.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Al Jazeera English, CC BY-SA 2.0. A semi-circular white marble wall beside the Kaaba - low enough to step over, hallowed enough that no pilgrim may enter. The reason why is a story about money, humility, and a Roman shipwreck.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/hijr-ismail/">Hijr Ismail on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Al Jazeera English | CC BY-SA 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/hijr-ismail-wp/sgu3-hijr-ismail-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/hijr-ismail-wp/sgu3-hijr-ismail-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4298560"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:47</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/hijr-ismail-wp/sgu3-hijr-ismail-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Jamaraat Bridge</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/jamaraat-bridge/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Amellie from Brisbane, Australia, CC BY 2.0. A pedestrian bridge in the Mina valley became the hardest engineering problem of the Hajj: how to move a million pilgrims past three pillars without losing any of them.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Amellie from Brisbane, Australia, CC BY 2.0. A pedestrian bridge in the Mina valley became the hardest engineering problem of the Hajj: how to move a million pilgrims past three pillars without losing any of them.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/jamaraat-bridge/">Jamaraat Bridge on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Amellie from Brisbane, Australia | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/jamaraat-bridge-wp/sgu3-jamaraat-bridge-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/jamaraat-bridge-wp/sgu3-jamaraat-bridge-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4001811"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:26</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/jamaraat-bridge-wp/sgu3-jamaraat-bridge-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kaaba</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/kaaba/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Aiman titi, CC BY-SA 3.0. A cuboid of stone and marble in the heart of Mecca orients the prayers of nearly two billion people, five times a day, from every continent on Earth.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Aiman titi, CC BY-SA 3.0. A cuboid of stone and marble in the heart of Mecca orients the prayers of nearly two billion people, five times a day, from every continent on Earth.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/kaaba/">Kaaba on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Aiman titi | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/kaaba-wp/sgu3-kaaba-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/kaaba-wp/sgu3-kaaba-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4389931"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:49</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/kaaba-wp/sgu3-kaaba-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Masjid al-Haram</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/masjid-al-haram/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Swerveut (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. The Great Mosque of Mecca is the largest mosque on Earth, the most expensive building on Earth, and the single point toward which every Muslim prayer is directed.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Swerveut (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. The Great Mosque of Mecca is the largest mosque on Earth, the most expensive building on Earth, and the single point toward which every Muslim prayer is directed.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/masjid-al-haram/">Masjid al-Haram on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Swerveut (talk) | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/masjid-al-haram-wp/sgu3-masjid-al-haram-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/masjid-al-haram-wp/sgu3-masjid-al-haram-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4278408"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:48</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/masjid-al-haram-wp/sgu3-masjid-al-haram-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mecca</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mecca/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Mardetanha, CC BY-SA 3.0. Islam's holiest city and the site of the Hajj, where millions face the Kaaba in prayer five times a day and where the Saudi government's modernization has erased much of the thousand-year-old city Muhammad once knew.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Mardetanha, CC BY-SA 3.0. Islam's holiest city and the site of the Hajj, where millions face the Kaaba in prayer five times a day and where the Saudi government's modernization has erased much of the thousand-year-old city Muhammad once knew.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/mecca/">Mecca on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Mardetanha | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/mecca-wk/sgu3-mecca-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/mecca-wk/sgu3-mecca-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4331783"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:53</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/mecca-wk/sgu3-mecca-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mecca</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mecca/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In a narrow valley 70 kilometers inland from the Red Sea, the holiest city in Islam is also one of the ten most-visited cities in the world, triply populated for one week each year by pilgrims from every nation on Earth.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In a narrow valley 70 kilometers inland from the Red Sea, the holiest city in Islam is also one of the ten most-visited cities in the world, triply populated for one week each year by pilgrims from every nation on Earth.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/mecca/">Mecca on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/mecca-wp/sgu3-mecca-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/mecca-wp/sgu3-mecca-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4764218"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:27</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/mecca-wp/sgu3-mecca-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mina, Saudi Arabia</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mina-saudi-arabia/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Mubeen Rahman, CC BY 3.0. Eight kilometers southeast of Mecca lies the largest tent city in the world: 100,000 fireproof tents that house millions of Hajj pilgrims for five days a year and then stand empty until the next season.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Mubeen Rahman, CC BY 3.0. Eight kilometers southeast of Mecca lies the largest tent city in the world: 100,000 fireproof tents that house millions of Hajj pilgrims for five days a year and then stand empty until the next season.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/mina-saudi-arabia/">Mina, Saudi Arabia on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Mubeen Rahman | CC BY 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/mina-saudi-arabia-wp/sgu3-mina-saudi-arabia-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/mina-saudi-arabia-wp/sgu3-mina-saudi-arabia-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4563708"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:12</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/mina-saudi-arabia-wp/sgu3-mina-saudi-arabia-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Qibla</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/qibla/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Dosseman, CC BY-SA 4.0. The direction toward the Kaaba in Mecca, faced by Muslims during prayer, and one of the problems that drove early Islamic astronomy to calculate the sphere of the Earth.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Dosseman, CC BY-SA 4.0. The direction toward the Kaaba in Mecca, faced by Muslims during prayer, and one of the problems that drove early Islamic astronomy to calculate the sphere of the Earth.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/qibla/">Qibla on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Dosseman | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/qibla-wp/sgu3-qibla-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/qibla-wp/sgu3-qibla-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="5271111"/>
      <itunes:duration>7:08</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/qibla-wp/sgu3-qibla-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Safa and Marwa</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/safa-and-marwa/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Aiman titi, CC BY-SA 3.0. Two small hills inside the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, the site of Hajar's search for water that pilgrims retrace seven times in the ritual called sa'i.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Aiman titi, CC BY-SA 3.0. Two small hills inside the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, the site of Hajar's search for water that pilgrims retrace seven times in the ritual called sa'i.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/safa-and-marwa/">Safa and Marwa on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Aiman titi | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/safa-and-marwa-wp/sgu3-safa-and-marwa-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/safa-and-marwa-wp/sgu3-safa-and-marwa-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4690822"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:24</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/safa-and-marwa-wp/sgu3-safa-and-marwa-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Siege of Mecca (683)</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-mecca-683/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Carport, CC BY-SA 3.0. The 64-day Umayyad siege of Mecca during the Second Fitna, in which catapults bombarded the holy city and the Kaaba burned.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Carport, CC BY-SA 3.0. The 64-day Umayyad siege of Mecca during the Second Fitna, in which catapults bombarded the holy city and the Kaaba burned.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-mecca-683/">Siege of Mecca (683) on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Carport | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/siege-of-mecca-683-wp/sgu3-siege-of-mecca-683-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/siege-of-mecca-683-wp/sgu3-siege-of-mecca-683-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="5454235"/>
      <itunes:duration>7:34</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/siege-of-mecca-683-wp/sgu3-siege-of-mecca-683-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Siege of Mecca (692)</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-mecca-692/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 692, catapults rained stones on Islam's holiest city while pilgrims circled the Ka'ba, ending a decade of civil war and reshaping the caliphate.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In 692, catapults rained stones on Islam's holiest city while pilgrims circled the Ka'ba, ending a decade of civil war and reshaping the caliphate.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-mecca-692/">Siege of Mecca (692) on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/siege-of-mecca-692-wp/sgu3-siege-of-mecca-692-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/siege-of-mecca-692-wp/sgu3-siege-of-mecca-692-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3784111"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:15</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Stoning of the Devil</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/stoning-of-the-devil/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Fadi El Binni of Al Jazeera English, CC BY-SA 2.0. At Mina, millions of pilgrims each year cast pebbles at three walls in a ritual thousands of years old, in a place where ancient devotion and modern crowd engineering meet.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Fadi El Binni of Al Jazeera English, CC BY-SA 2.0. At Mina, millions of pilgrims each year cast pebbles at three walls in a ritual thousands of years old, in a place where ancient devotion and modern crowd engineering meet.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/stoning-of-the-devil/">Stoning of the Devil on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Fadi El Binni of Al Jazeera English | CC BY-SA 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/stoning-of-the-devil-wp/sgu3-stoning-of-the-devil-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/stoning-of-the-devil-wp/sgu3-stoning-of-the-devil-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4114270"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:27</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/stoning-of-the-devil-wp/sgu3-stoning-of-the-devil-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Zamzam Well</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/zamzam-well/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Mohammad Bahareth, CC BY-SA 2.0. Twenty meters east of the Ka'ba, a well that Muslim tradition traces to Hagar and Ishmael has been drawn from for at least 1,400 years and probably much longer.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Mohammad Bahareth, CC BY-SA 2.0. Twenty meters east of the Ka'ba, a well that Muslim tradition traces to Hagar and Ishmael has been drawn from for at least 1,400 years and probably much longer.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/zamzam-well/">Zamzam Well on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Mohammad Bahareth | CC BY-SA 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/zamzam-well-wp/sgu3-zamzam-well-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/zamzam-well-wp/sgu3-zamzam-well-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4209287"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:46</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/3/zamzam-well-wp/sgu3-zamzam-well-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Treaty of al-Hudaybiya</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/treaty-of-al-hudaybiya/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In March 628, fifteen hundred unarmed Muslims camped outside Mecca and negotiated a peace treaty that historians call the most important victory without a battle in Islamic history.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In March 628, fifteen hundred unarmed Muslims camped outside Mecca and negotiated a peace treaty that historians call the most important victory without a battle in Islamic history.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/treaty-of-al-hudaybiya/">Treaty of al-Hudaybiya on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/4/treaty-of-al-hudaybiya-wp/sgu4-treaty-of-al-hudaybiya-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/4/treaty-of-al-hudaybiya-wp/sgu4-treaty-of-al-hudaybiya-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4058091"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:38</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Fakhkh</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-fakhkh/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Carport, CC BY-SA 3.0. In 786, an Alid rebel named Husayn fell in a wadi four kilometers from Mecca - a defeat Shia tradition places second only to Karbala.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Carport, CC BY-SA 3.0. In 786, an Alid rebel named Husayn fell in a wadi four kilometers from Mecca - a defeat Shia tradition places second only to Karbala.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-fakhkh/">Battle of Fakhkh on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Carport | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/6/battle-of-fakhkh-wp/sgu6-battle-of-fakhkh-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/6/battle-of-fakhkh-wp/sgu6-battle-of-fakhkh-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4749495"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:35</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/6/battle-of-fakhkh-wp/sgu6-battle-of-fakhkh-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Jabal al-Nour</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/jabal-al-nour/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Sumiya Anjum, CC BY-SA 4.0. On a stark mountain above Mecca, a cave barely twelve feet long became the birthplace of a faith that would reshape the world.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Sumiya Anjum, CC BY-SA 4.0. On a stark mountain above Mecca, a cave barely twelve feet long became the birthplace of a faith that would reshape the world.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/jabal-al-nour/">Jabal al-Nour on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Sumiya Anjum | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/6/jabal-al-nour-wp/sgu6-jabal-al-nour-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/6/jabal-al-nour-wp/sgu6-jabal-al-nour-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3993843"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:18</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/6/jabal-al-nour-wp/sgu6-jabal-al-nour-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Siege of Ta&apos;if</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-ta-if/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 630 CE, hot iron rained from Ta'if's walls onto the Prophet's besieging army, ending one campaign and beginning another that would be settled by diplomacy instead.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In 630 CE, hot iron rained from Ta'if's walls onto the Prophet's besieging army, ending one campaign and beginning another that would be settled by diplomacy instead.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-ta-if/">Siege of Ta&apos;if on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/8/siege-of-ta-if-wp/sgu8-siege-of-ta-if-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/8/siege-of-ta-if-wp/sgu8-siege-of-ta-if-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3604109"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:00</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ta&apos;if</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/ta-if/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Abutalah, CC BY-SA 3.0. High in the Hijaz mountains, a city of 690,000 escapes Arabia's summer heat with rose gardens, mountain air, and centuries of trade.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Abutalah, CC BY-SA 3.0. High in the Hijaz mountains, a city of 690,000 escapes Arabia's summer heat with rose gardens, mountain air, and centuries of trade.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/ta-if/">Ta&apos;if on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Abutalah | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/8/ta-if-wk/sgu8-ta-if-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/8/ta-if-wk/sgu8-ta-if-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3920773"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:19</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/8/ta-if-wk/sgu8-ta-if-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Taif</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/taif/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit KELANTAN JOTTINGS, CC BY 2.0. The unofficial summer capital of Saudi Arabia, a mountain city of over 560,000 that has been called the Garden of the Hejaz since pre-Islamic times.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit KELANTAN JOTTINGS, CC BY 2.0. The unofficial summer capital of Saudi Arabia, a mountain city of over 560,000 that has been called the Garden of the Hejaz since pre-Islamic times.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/taif/">Taif on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: KELANTAN JOTTINGS | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/8/taif-wp/sgu8-taif-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/8/taif-wp/sgu8-taif-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4303381"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:53</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/u/8/taif-wp/sgu8-taif-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Turubah</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-turubah/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Its author died in 1915  in Jerab, Public domain. In a single night raid in 1924, the Ikhwan annihilated a Hashemite army - ending King Hussein's dreams of an Arabian caliphate and opening the road to Saudi Arabia.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Its author died in 1915  in Jerab, Public domain. In a single night raid in 1924, the Ikhwan annihilated a Hashemite army - ending King Hussein's dreams of an Arabian caliphate and opening the road to Saudi Arabia.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-turubah/">Battle of Turubah on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Its author died in 1915  in Jerab | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/v/8/battle-of-turubah-wp/sgv8-battle-of-turubah-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/v/8/battle-of-turubah-wp/sgv8-battle-of-turubah-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4615409"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:19</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/g/v/8/battle-of-turubah-wp/sgv8-battle-of-turubah-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Wadi Rum</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/wadi-rum/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Daniel Case, CC BY-SA 3.0. Jordan's vast Valley of the Moon -- 720 square kilometers of sandstone towers, Nabataean inscriptions, and Bedouin camps -- has doubled as Mars, Arrakis, and Jedha on screen, but its real history runs deeper than any script.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Daniel Case, CC BY-SA 3.0. Jordan's vast Valley of the Moon -- 720 square kilometers of sandstone towers, Nabataean inscriptions, and Bedouin camps -- has doubled as Mars, Arrakis, and Jedha on screen, but its real history runs deeper than any script.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/wadi-rum/">Wadi Rum on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Daniel Case | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/0/wadi-rum-wp/sv30-wadi-rum-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/0/wadi-rum-wp/sv30-wadi-rum-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4089206"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:34</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/0/wadi-rum-wp/sv30-wadi-rum-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ed-Deir, Petra</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/ed-deir-petra/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Azurfrog, CC BY-SA 3.0. Carved into a sandstone cliff in the mid-first century AD, Petra's Monastery stands 47 meters high with a facade nearly as wide -- a Nabataean monument that blends Hellenistic grandeur with Mesopotamian austerity, reached only by climbing 800 ancient steps.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Azurfrog, CC BY-SA 3.0. Carved into a sandstone cliff in the mid-first century AD, Petra's Monastery stands 47 meters high with a facade nearly as wide -- a Nabataean monument that blends Hellenistic grandeur with Mesopotamian austerity, reached only by climbing 800 ancient steps.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/ed-deir-petra/">Ed-Deir, Petra on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Azurfrog | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/h/ed-deir-petra-wp/sv3h-ed-deir-petra-combined.mp3</guid>
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      <itunes:duration>5:00</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/h/ed-deir-petra-wp/sv3h-ed-deir-petra-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Great Temple (Petra)</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/great-temple-petra/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Bernard Gagnon, CC BY-SA 3.0. Petra's largest freestanding complex defies easy classification: neither purely temple nor purely parliament, it held 600 spectators in a theatron decorated with gold leaf and colored stucco.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Bernard Gagnon, CC BY-SA 3.0. Petra's largest freestanding complex defies easy classification: neither purely temple nor purely parliament, it held 600 spectators in a theatron decorated with gold leaf and colored stucco.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/great-temple-petra/">Great Temple (Petra) on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Bernard Gagnon | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/h/great-temple-petra-wp/sv3h-great-temple-petra-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/h/great-temple-petra-wp/sv3h-great-temple-petra-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4072124"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:27</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/h/great-temple-petra-wp/sv3h-great-temple-petra-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Little Petra</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/little-petra/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Daniel Case, CC BY-SA 3.0. A narrow canyon north of Petra hides 2,000-year-old ceiling frescoes depicting winged gods harvesting grapes -- the only surviving interior Nabataean figurative painting, and among the finest Hellenistic artworks anywhere.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Daniel Case, CC BY-SA 3.0. A narrow canyon north of Petra hides 2,000-year-old ceiling frescoes depicting winged gods harvesting grapes -- the only surviving interior Nabataean figurative painting, and among the finest Hellenistic artworks anywhere.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/little-petra/">Little Petra on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Daniel Case | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/h/little-petra-wp/sv3h-little-petra-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/h/little-petra-wp/sv3h-little-petra-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4014132"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:26</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/h/little-petra-wp/sv3h-little-petra-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Petra</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/petra/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Azurfrog, CC BY-SA 3.0. The Nabataean capital carved from rose-red sandstone controlled ancient trade routes for centuries, was lost to the Western world for nearly a millennium, and remains one of the most astonishing archaeological sites on Earth.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Azurfrog, CC BY-SA 3.0. The Nabataean capital carved from rose-red sandstone controlled ancient trade routes for centuries, was lost to the Western world for nearly a millennium, and remains one of the most astonishing archaeological sites on Earth.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/petra/">Petra on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Azurfrog | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/h/petra-wp/sv3h-petra-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/h/petra-wp/sv3h-petra-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4858605"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:34</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/h/petra-wp/sv3h-petra-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tomb of Aaron (Jordan)</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tomb-of-aaron-jordan/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Joneikifi, CC BY-SA 4.0. At 1,350 meters atop Jabal Harun, the highest peak near Petra, a small white-domed mosque marks where three Abrahamic faiths believe Aaron -- brother of Moses, first High Priest of Israel -- was buried.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Joneikifi, CC BY-SA 4.0. At 1,350 meters atop Jabal Harun, the highest peak near Petra, a small white-domed mosque marks where three Abrahamic faiths believe Aaron -- brother of Moses, first High Priest of Israel -- was buried.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tomb-of-aaron-jordan/">Tomb of Aaron (Jordan) on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Joneikifi | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/h/tomb-of-aaron-jordan-wp/sv3h-tomb-of-aaron-jordan-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/h/tomb-of-aaron-jordan-wp/sv3h-tomb-of-aaron-jordan-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3365445"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:28</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/3/h/tomb-of-aaron-jordan-wp/sv3h-tomb-of-aaron-jordan-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Beersheba (1917)</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-beersheba-1917/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Michael Hammerson, Public domain. On October 31, 1917, Australian light horsemen charged across open desert with bayonets in hand -- their rifles slung across their backs -- to break the Ottoman line at Beersheba and open the road to Jerusalem.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Michael Hammerson, Public domain. On October 31, 1917, Australian light horsemen charged across open desert with bayonets in hand -- their rifles slung across their backs -- to break the Ottoman line at Beersheba and open the road to Jerusalem.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-beersheba-1917/">Battle of Beersheba (1917) on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Michael Hammerson | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/9/battle-of-beersheba-1917-wp/sv89-battle-of-beersheba-1917-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/9/battle-of-beersheba-1917-wp/sv89-battle-of-beersheba-1917-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4382174"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:55</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/9/battle-of-beersheba-1917-wp/sv89-battle-of-beersheba-1917-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Israeli Air Force Museum</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/israeli-air-force-museum/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit brewbooks from near Seattle, USA, CC BY-SA 2.0. An open-air museum at Hatzerim Airbase in the Negev desert where captured enemy aircraft sit alongside legendary Israeli fighters, each one a chapter in the country's aerial history.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit brewbooks from near Seattle, USA, CC BY-SA 2.0. An open-air museum at Hatzerim Airbase in the Negev desert where captured enemy aircraft sit alongside legendary Israeli fighters, each one a chapter in the country's aerial history.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/israeli-air-force-museum/">Israeli Air Force Museum on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: brewbooks from near Seattle, USA | CC BY-SA 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/9/israeli-air-force-museum-wp/sv89-israeli-air-force-museum-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/9/israeli-air-force-museum-wp/sv89-israeli-air-force-museum-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3581304"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:50</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/9/israeli-air-force-museum-wp/sv89-israeli-air-force-museum-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>1929 Hebron Massacre</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/1929-hebron-massacre/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Unknown author, Public domain. On August 24, 1929, sixty-seven Jewish residents of Hebron were killed by Arab rioters, ending centuries of Jewish presence in one of Judaism's holiest cities -- though some were saved by Arab neighbors who risked their lives to shelter them.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Unknown author, Public domain. On August 24, 1929, sixty-seven Jewish residents of Hebron were killed by Arab rioters, ending centuries of Jewish presence in one of Judaism's holiest cities -- though some were saved by Arab neighbors who risked their lives to shelter them.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/1929-hebron-massacre/">1929 Hebron Massacre on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Unknown author | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/g/1929-hebron-massacre-wp/sv8g-1929-hebron-massacre-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/g/1929-hebron-massacre-wp/sv8g-1929-hebron-massacre-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="5059986"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:55</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/g/1929-hebron-massacre-wp/sv8g-1929-hebron-massacre-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cave of the Patriarchs Massacre</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/cave-of-the-patriarchs-massacre/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Utilisateur:Djampa - User:Djampa, CC BY-SA 4.0. On February 25, 1994, an American-Israeli settler opened fire on Palestinian worshippers during dawn prayers at the Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron, killing 29 people and wounding 125 in an act that derailed the Oslo peace process.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Utilisateur:Djampa - User:Djampa, CC BY-SA 4.0. On February 25, 1994, an American-Israeli settler opened fire on Palestinian worshippers during dawn prayers at the Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron, killing 29 people and wounding 125 in an act that derailed the Oslo peace process.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/cave-of-the-patriarchs-massacre/">Cave of the Patriarchs Massacre on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Utilisateur:Djampa - User:Djampa | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/g/cave-of-the-patriarchs-massacre-wp/sv8g-cave-of-the-patriarchs-massacre-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/g/cave-of-the-patriarchs-massacre-wp/sv8g-cave-of-the-patriarchs-massacre-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4503014"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:08</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/g/cave-of-the-patriarchs-massacre-wp/sv8g-cave-of-the-patriarchs-massacre-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Montgisard</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-montgisard/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Charles-Philippe Larivière, Public domain. In November 1177, a sixteen-year-old leper king led a vastly outnumbered Crusader force against Saladin near Ramla, routing the sultan's army so thoroughly that only a tenth survived the march back to Cairo.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Charles-Philippe Larivière, Public domain. In November 1177, a sixteen-year-old leper king led a vastly outnumbered Crusader force against Saladin near Ramla, routing the sultan's army so thoroughly that only a tenth survived the march back to Cairo.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-montgisard/">Battle of Montgisard on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Charles-Philippe Larivière | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/v/battle-of-montgisard-wp/sv8v-battle-of-montgisard-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/v/battle-of-montgisard-wp/sv8v-battle-of-montgisard-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4019003"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:27</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/v/battle-of-montgisard-wp/sv8v-battle-of-montgisard-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battles of Latrun (1948)</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battles-of-latrun-1948/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Ceedjee, CC BY-SA 3.0. Five failed Israeli assaults on a Jordanian-held fortress between May and July 1948 became one of the most contested chapters of Israel's founding myth, marked by the desperate improvisation of the Burma Road that saved besieged Jerusalem.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Ceedjee, CC BY-SA 3.0. Five failed Israeli assaults on a Jordanian-held fortress between May and July 1948 became one of the most contested chapters of Israel's founding myth, marked by the desperate improvisation of the Burma Road that saved besieged Jerusalem.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battles-of-latrun-1948/">Battles of Latrun (1948) on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Ceedjee | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/v/battles-of-latrun-1948-wp/sv8v-battles-of-latrun-1948-combined.mp3</guid>
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      <itunes:duration>6:18</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/v/battles-of-latrun-1948-wp/sv8v-battles-of-latrun-1948-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Jaffa (1192)</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-jaffa-1192/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit James Grant, Public domain. The final battle of the Third Crusade, where Richard the Lionheart waded ashore in deck shoes and routed Saladin's army with a handful of knights.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit James Grant, Public domain. The final battle of the Third Crusade, where Richard the Lionheart waded ashore in deck shoes and routed Saladin's army with a handful of knights.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-jaffa-1192/">Battle of Jaffa (1192) on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: James Grant | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/w/battle-of-jaffa-1192-wp/sv8w-battle-of-jaffa-1192-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/w/battle-of-jaffa-1192-wp/sv8w-battle-of-jaffa-1192-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4236008"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:40</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/w/battle-of-jaffa-1192-wp/sv8w-battle-of-jaffa-1192-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bauhaus Center Tel Aviv</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/bauhaus-center-tel-aviv/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit MichaGross, CC BY-SA 4.0. A cultural hub on Dizengoff Street dedicated to the world's largest collection of Bauhaus-style buildings, preserved in Tel Aviv's UNESCO-listed White City.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit MichaGross, CC BY-SA 4.0. A cultural hub on Dizengoff Street dedicated to the world's largest collection of Bauhaus-style buildings, preserved in Tel Aviv's UNESCO-listed White City.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/bauhaus-center-tel-aviv/">Bauhaus Center Tel Aviv on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: MichaGross | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/w/bauhaus-center-tel-aviv-wp/sv8w-bauhaus-center-tel-aviv-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/w/bauhaus-center-tel-aviv-wp/sv8w-bauhaus-center-tel-aviv-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3279190"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:25</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/w/bauhaus-center-tel-aviv-wp/sv8w-bauhaus-center-tel-aviv-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tel Aviv Museum of Art</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tel-aviv-museum-of-art/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Yair Haklai, CC BY-SA 3.0. The museum where Israel declared its independence in 1948 now houses Klimt, Kandinsky, and over a million visitors a year -- a cultural institution inseparable from the nation it helped birth.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Yair Haklai, CC BY-SA 3.0. The museum where Israel declared its independence in 1948 now houses Klimt, Kandinsky, and over a million visitors a year -- a cultural institution inseparable from the nation it helped birth.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tel-aviv-museum-of-art/">Tel Aviv Museum of Art on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Yair Haklai | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/w/tel-aviv-museum-of-art-wp/sv8w-tel-aviv-museum-of-art-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/w/tel-aviv-museum-of-art-wp/sv8w-tel-aviv-museum-of-art-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3567300"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:49</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/w/tel-aviv-museum-of-art-wp/sv8w-tel-aviv-museum-of-art-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kafr Qasim Massacre</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/kafr-qasim-massacre/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On the eve of the 1956 Sinai War, Israeli border police killed 49 Palestinian citizens returning home from work, unaware that a curfew had been imposed hours earlier -- an event that reshaped Israeli law on obeying illegal orders.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On the eve of the 1956 Sinai War, Israeli border police killed 49 Palestinian citizens returning home from work, unaware that a curfew had been imposed hours earlier -- an event that reshaped Israeli law on obeying illegal orders.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/kafr-qasim-massacre/">Kafr Qasim Massacre on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/y/kafr-qasim-massacre-wp/sv8y-kafr-qasim-massacre-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/y/kafr-qasim-massacre-wp/sv8y-kafr-qasim-massacre-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3478453"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:49</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Lod Airport Massacre</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/lod-airport-massacre/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Ynhockey, CC BY-SA 3.0. In 1972, three Japanese Red Army members recruited by Palestinian militants opened fire inside Israel's main airport, killing 26 people -- most of them Christian pilgrims from Puerto Rico.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Ynhockey, CC BY-SA 3.0. In 1972, three Japanese Red Army members recruited by Palestinian militants opened fire inside Israel's main airport, killing 26 people -- most of them Christian pilgrims from Puerto Rico.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/lod-airport-massacre/">Lod Airport Massacre on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Ynhockey | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/y/lod-airport-massacre-wp/sv8y-lod-airport-massacre-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/y/lod-airport-massacre-wp/sv8y-lod-airport-massacre-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3774510"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:11</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/y/lod-airport-massacre-wp/sv8y-lod-airport-massacre-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Arsuf</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-arsuf/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Ealdgyth, CC BY-SA 3.0. On September 7, 1191, Richard the Lionheart's discipline held his army together under relentless attack until a single cavalry charge shattered Saladin's forces on the coastal plain north of Tel Aviv.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Ealdgyth, CC BY-SA 3.0. On September 7, 1191, Richard the Lionheart's discipline held his army together under relentless attack until a single cavalry charge shattered Saladin's forces on the coastal plain north of Tel Aviv.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-arsuf/">Battle of Arsuf on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Ealdgyth | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/z/battle-of-arsuf-wp/sv8z-battle-of-arsuf-combined.mp3</guid>
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      <itunes:duration>6:25</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/8/z/battle-of-arsuf-wp/sv8z-battle-of-arsuf-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Masada</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/masada/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Godot13, CC BY-SA 4.0. A mountain-top fortress in the Judaean Desert where Herod built a desert palace and Jewish rebels made their last stand against Rome.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Godot13, CC BY-SA 4.0. A mountain-top fortress in the Judaean Desert where Herod built a desert palace and Jewish rebels made their last stand against Rome.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/masada/">Masada on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Godot13 | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/4/masada-wp/sv94-masada-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/4/masada-wp/sv94-masada-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4852343"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:33</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/4/masada-wp/sv94-masada-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Siege of Masada</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-masada/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Godot13, CC BY-SA 4.0. The Roman siege of Masada in 73 CE ended the First Jewish-Roman War with one of antiquity's most debated last stands.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Godot13, CC BY-SA 4.0. The Roman siege of Masada in 73 CE ended the First Jewish-Roman War with one of antiquity's most debated last stands.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-masada/">Siege of Masada on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Godot13 | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/4/siege-of-masada-wp/sv94-siege-of-masada-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/4/siege-of-masada-wp/sv94-siege-of-masada-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4765561"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:28</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/4/siege-of-masada-wp/sv94-siege-of-masada-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dead Sea</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/dead-sea/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The lowest point on Earth's land surface, where water nearly ten times saltier than the ocean is shrinking before our eyes.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The lowest point on Earth's land surface, where water nearly ten times saltier than the ocean is shrinking before our eyes.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/dead-sea/">Dead Sea on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/5/dead-sea-wp/sv95-dead-sea-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/5/dead-sea-wp/sv95-dead-sea-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4718643"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:27</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/5/dead-sea-wp/sv95-dead-sea-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Al-Aqsa Mosque</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/al-aqsa-mosque/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Godot13, CC BY-SA 4.0. The main congregational mosque on Jerusalem's Haram al-Sharif, rebuilt across fourteen centuries on ground sacred to three faiths.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Godot13, CC BY-SA 4.0. The main congregational mosque on Jerusalem's Haram al-Sharif, rebuilt across fourteen centuries on ground sacred to three faiths.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/al-aqsa-mosque/">Al-Aqsa Mosque on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Godot13 | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/al-aqsa-mosque-wp/sv9h-al-aqsa-mosque-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/al-aqsa-mosque-wp/sv9h-al-aqsa-mosque-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4884124"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:33</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/al-aqsa-mosque-wp/sv9h-al-aqsa-mosque-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Church of the Holy Sepulchre</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/church-of-the-holy-sepulchre/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit zvonimir atletic, CC BY 2.0. The holiest site in Christianity, where six denominations share custody of the ground where tradition holds Jesus was crucified, buried, and resurrected.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit zvonimir atletic, CC BY 2.0. The holiest site in Christianity, where six denominations share custody of the ground where tradition holds Jesus was crucified, buried, and resurrected.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/church-of-the-holy-sepulchre/">Church of the Holy Sepulchre on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: zvonimir atletic | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/church-of-the-holy-sepulchre-wp/sv9h-church-of-the-holy-sepulchre-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/church-of-the-holy-sepulchre-wp/sv9h-church-of-the-holy-sepulchre-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="5211285"/>
      <itunes:duration>7:05</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/church-of-the-holy-sepulchre-wp/sv9h-church-of-the-holy-sepulchre-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>David&apos;s Tomb</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/david-s-tomb/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit No machine-readable author provided. Amoruso~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY-SA 2.5. A cenotaph on Mount Zion revered by three faiths, even though King David is almost certainly not buried there.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit No machine-readable author provided. Amoruso~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY-SA 2.5. A cenotaph on Mount Zion revered by three faiths, even though King David is almost certainly not buried there.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/david-s-tomb/">David&apos;s Tomb on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: No machine-readable author provided. Amoruso~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims). | CC BY-SA 2.5</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/david-s-tomb-wp/sv9h-david-s-tomb-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/david-s-tomb-wp/sv9h-david-s-tomb-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4797863"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:30</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/david-s-tomb-wp/sv9h-david-s-tomb-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dome of the Rock</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/dome-of-the-rock/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Godot13, CC BY-SA 4.0. The golden-domed octagonal shrine on Jerusalem's Temple Mount is the oldest surviving work of Islamic architecture, built in 691-692 CE atop one of the most contested sacred sites on Earth.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Godot13, CC BY-SA 4.0. The golden-domed octagonal shrine on Jerusalem's Temple Mount is the oldest surviving work of Islamic architecture, built in 691-692 CE atop one of the most contested sacred sites on Earth.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/dome-of-the-rock/">Dome of the Rock on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Godot13 | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/dome-of-the-rock-wp/sv9h-dome-of-the-rock-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/dome-of-the-rock-wp/sv9h-dome-of-the-rock-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4626024"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:11</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/dome-of-the-rock-wp/sv9h-dome-of-the-rock-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Four Sephardic Synagogues</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/four-sephardic-synagogues/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Unknown author, Public domain. Four interconnected synagogues in Jerusalem's Jewish Quarter tell the story of a displaced community that built, lost, and rebuilt its houses of prayer across five centuries.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Unknown author, Public domain. Four interconnected synagogues in Jerusalem's Jewish Quarter tell the story of a displaced community that built, lost, and rebuilt its houses of prayer across five centuries.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/four-sephardic-synagogues/">Four Sephardic Synagogues on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Unknown author | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/four-sephardic-synagogues-wp/sv9h-four-sephardic-synagogues-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/four-sephardic-synagogues-wp/sv9h-four-sephardic-synagogues-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3487391"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:42</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/four-sephardic-synagogues-wp/sv9h-four-sephardic-synagogues-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Garden Tomb</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/garden-tomb/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Footballkickit at English Wikipedia, CC BY 3.0. An ancient rock-cut tomb in a garden outside Jerusalem's Old City walls draws hundreds of thousands of Protestant pilgrims each year to what some believe is the authentic site of Jesus's burial and resurrection.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Footballkickit at English Wikipedia, CC BY 3.0. An ancient rock-cut tomb in a garden outside Jerusalem's Old City walls draws hundreds of thousands of Protestant pilgrims each year to what some believe is the authentic site of Jesus's burial and resurrection.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/garden-tomb/">Garden Tomb on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Footballkickit at English Wikipedia | CC BY 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/garden-tomb-wp/sv9h-garden-tomb-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/garden-tomb-wp/sv9h-garden-tomb-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3737918"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:01</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/garden-tomb-wp/sv9h-garden-tomb-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Israel Museum</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/israel-museum/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Original uploader was אסף.צ at he.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. Israel's largest cultural institution houses half a million objects spanning prehistory to the present, including the Dead Sea Scrolls in their iconic white-domed shrine.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Original uploader was אסף.צ at he.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. Israel's largest cultural institution houses half a million objects spanning prehistory to the present, including the Dead Sea Scrolls in their iconic white-domed shrine.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/israel-museum/">Israel Museum on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Original uploader was אסף.צ at he.wikipedia | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/israel-museum-wp/sv9h-israel-museum-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/israel-museum-wp/sv9h-israel-museum-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3965833"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:19</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/israel-museum-wp/sv9h-israel-museum-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Old City of Jerusalem</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/old-city-of-jerusalem/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit User:Ranbar, CC BY-SA 3.0. Less than one square kilometer of walled city contains sites sacred to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, layered atop three thousand years of continuous habitation and contested sovereignty.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit User:Ranbar, CC BY-SA 3.0. Less than one square kilometer of walled city contains sites sacred to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, layered atop three thousand years of continuous habitation and contested sovereignty.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/old-city-of-jerusalem/">Old City of Jerusalem on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: User:Ranbar | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/old-city-of-jerusalem-wp/sv9h-old-city-of-jerusalem-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/old-city-of-jerusalem-wp/sv9h-old-city-of-jerusalem-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4690267"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:22</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/old-city-of-jerusalem-wp/sv9h-old-city-of-jerusalem-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Qumran</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/qumran/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Wilson44691, Public domain. The desert ruins where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found sit on a barren marl plateau above the lowest place on Earth, hiding centuries of sectarian life and one of archaeology's greatest discoveries.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Wilson44691, Public domain. The desert ruins where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found sit on a barren marl plateau above the lowest place on Earth, hiding centuries of sectarian life and one of archaeology's greatest discoveries.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/qumran/">Qumran on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Wilson44691 | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/qumran-wp/sv9h-qumran-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/qumran-wp/sv9h-qumran-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4582588"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:12</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/qumran-wp/sv9h-qumran-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Temple Mount</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/temple-mount/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Godot13, CC BY-SA 4.0. The most contested 35 acres on Earth, where three faiths converge on a limestone plateau that has been a place of worship since the 4th millennium BCE.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Godot13, CC BY-SA 4.0. The most contested 35 acres on Earth, where three faiths converge on a limestone plateau that has been a place of worship since the 4th millennium BCE.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/temple-mount/">Temple Mount on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Godot13 | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/temple-mount-wp/sv9h-temple-mount-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/temple-mount-wp/sv9h-temple-mount-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4803225"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:29</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/temple-mount-wp/sv9h-temple-mount-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tower of David</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tower-of-david/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit CC BY 2.0. An ancient citadel near the Jaffa Gate whose walls preserve 2,700 years of Jerusalem's history, from Hasmonean fortifications to a modern museum of the city itself.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit CC BY 2.0. An ancient citadel near the Jaffa Gate whose walls preserve 2,700 years of Jerusalem's history, from Hasmonean fortifications to a modern museum of the city itself.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tower-of-david/">Tower of David on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/tower-of-david-wp/sv9h-tower-of-david-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/tower-of-david-wp/sv9h-tower-of-david-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4604413"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:16</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/tower-of-david-wp/sv9h-tower-of-david-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Western Wall</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/western-wall/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Berthold Werner, Public domain. The last remnant of Herod's Temple Mount expansion, where two thousand years of Jewish longing are pressed into the cracks between ancient limestone blocks.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Berthold Werner, Public domain. The last remnant of Herod's Temple Mount expansion, where two thousand years of Jewish longing are pressed into the cracks between ancient limestone blocks.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/western-wall/">Western Wall on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Berthold Werner | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/western-wall-wp/sv9h-western-wall-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/western-wall-wp/sv9h-western-wall-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4555675"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:11</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/western-wall-wp/sv9h-western-wall-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Yad Vashem</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/yad-vashem/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit No machine-readable author provided. EdoM assumed (based on copyright claims)., Public domain. Israel's official Holocaust memorial, where a concrete prism cut into a Jerusalem hillside holds the names, stories, and fragments of six million lives.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit No machine-readable author provided. EdoM assumed (based on copyright claims)., Public domain. Israel's official Holocaust memorial, where a concrete prism cut into a Jerusalem hillside holds the names, stories, and fragments of six million lives.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/yad-vashem/">Yad Vashem on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: No machine-readable author provided. EdoM assumed (based on copyright claims). | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>6:12</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/h/yad-vashem-wp/sv9h-yad-vashem-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Monastery of Saint George of Choziba</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/monastery-of-saint-george-of-choziba/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Dr. Avishai  Teicher, CC BY 2.5. A Greek Orthodox monastery clinging to the cliffs of Wadi Qelt in the Judean Desert, where monks have sought solitude since the 5th century along the ancient road between Jerusalem and Jericho.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Dr. Avishai  Teicher, CC BY 2.5. A Greek Orthodox monastery clinging to the cliffs of Wadi Qelt in the Judean Desert, where monks have sought solitude since the 5th century along the ancient road between Jerusalem and Jericho.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/monastery-of-saint-george-of-choziba/">Monastery of Saint George of Choziba on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Dr. Avishai  Teicher | CC BY 2.5</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/j/monastery-of-saint-george-of-choziba-wp/sv9j-monastery-of-saint-george-of-choziba-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/j/monastery-of-saint-george-of-choziba-wp/sv9j-monastery-of-saint-george-of-choziba-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4192947"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:41</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/j/monastery-of-saint-george-of-choziba-wp/sv9j-monastery-of-saint-george-of-choziba-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Joseph&apos;s Tomb</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/joseph-s-tomb/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit עדירל, CC BY-SA 4.0. A contested funerary monument at the entrance to the valley between Mounts Gerizim and Ebal, venerated by four faiths and repeatedly damaged in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit עדירל, CC BY-SA 4.0. A contested funerary monument at the entrance to the valley between Mounts Gerizim and Ebal, venerated by four faiths and repeatedly damaged in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/joseph-s-tomb/">Joseph&apos;s Tomb on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: עדירל | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/p/joseph-s-tomb-wp/sv9p-joseph-s-tomb-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/p/joseph-s-tomb-wp/sv9p-joseph-s-tomb-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4594318"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:16</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/v/9/p/joseph-s-tomb-wp/sv9p-joseph-s-tomb-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mundafan</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mundafan/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Rémy Crassard ,    Michael D. Petraglia,    Nick A. Drake,    Paul Breeze,    Bernard Gratuze,    Abdullah Alsharekh,    Mounir Arbach,    Huw S. Groucutt,    Lamya Khalidi,    Nils Michelsen,    Christian J. Robin,    Jérémie Schiettecatte, CC BY 4.0. A vanished lake in Saudi Arabia's Empty Quarter that once stretched 300 square kilometers, where hippos waded and early humans hunted aurochs on savannas that are now buried under sand.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Rémy Crassard ,    Michael D. Petraglia,    Nick A. Drake,    Paul Breeze,    Bernard Gratuze,    Abdullah Alsharekh,    Mounir Arbach,    Huw S. Groucutt,    Lamya Khalidi,    Nils Michelsen,    Christian J. Robin,    Jérémie Schiettecatte, CC BY 4.0. A vanished lake in Saudi Arabia's Empty Quarter that once stretched 300 square kilometers, where hippos waded and early humans hunted aurochs on savannas that are now buried under sand.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/mundafan/">Mundafan on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Rémy Crassard ,    Michael D. Petraglia,    Nick A. Drake,    Paul Breeze,    Bernard Gratuze,    Abdullah Alsharekh,    Mounir Arbach,    Huw S. Groucutt,    Lamya Khalidi,    Nils Michelsen,    Christian J. Robin,    Jérémie Schiettecatte | CC BY 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/2/1/mundafan-wp/t521-mundafan-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/2/1/mundafan-wp/t521-mundafan-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4417650"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:55</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/2/1/mundafan-wp/t521-mundafan-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>&apos;Uruq Bani Ma&apos;arid</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/uruq-bani-ma-arid/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Javierblas, CC BY-SA 3.0. On the western edge of the world's largest sand desert, a Saudi reserve brought the Arabian oryx back from extinction in the wild -- earning UNESCO World Heritage status for a landscape most maps leave blank.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Javierblas, CC BY-SA 3.0. On the western edge of the world's largest sand desert, a Saudi reserve brought the Arabian oryx back from extinction in the wild -- earning UNESCO World Heritage status for a landscape most maps leave blank.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/uruq-bani-ma-arid/">&apos;Uruq Bani Ma&apos;arid on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Javierblas | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/2/w/uruq-bani-ma-arid-wp/t52w-uruq-bani-ma-arid-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/2/w/uruq-bani-ma-arid-wp/t52w-uruq-bani-ma-arid-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3508582"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:49</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/2/w/uruq-bani-ma-arid-wp/t52w-uruq-bani-ma-arid-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kathiri</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/kathiri/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Dan from Brussels, Europe, CC BY-SA 2.0. A sultanate in Yemen's Hadhramaut valley that lasted nearly six centuries, whose diaspora shaped politics from East Timor to Indonesia long after the kingdom itself vanished.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Dan from Brussels, Europe, CC BY-SA 2.0. A sultanate in Yemen's Hadhramaut valley that lasted nearly six centuries, whose diaspora shaped politics from East Timor to Indonesia long after the kingdom itself vanished.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/kathiri/">Kathiri on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Dan from Brussels, Europe | CC BY-SA 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/5/9/kathiri-wp/t559-kathiri-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/5/9/kathiri-wp/t559-kathiri-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4043595"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:28</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/5/9/kathiri-wp/t559-kathiri-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Qaryat al-Faw</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/qaryat-al-faw/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Wolfgang Sauber, CC BY-SA 3.0. Once the capital of the Kingdom of Kinda and a thriving trade hub at the edge of the Empty Quarter, this pre-Islamic Arabian city is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site revealing frescoes, temples, and a sophistication that rewrites assumptions about ancient Arabia.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Wolfgang Sauber, CC BY-SA 3.0. Once the capital of the Kingdom of Kinda and a thriving trade hub at the edge of the Empty Quarter, this pre-Islamic Arabian city is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site revealing frescoes, temples, and a sophistication that rewrites assumptions about ancient Arabia.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/qaryat-al-faw/">Qaryat al-Faw on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Wolfgang Sauber | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/8/0/qaryat-al-faw-wp/t580-qaryat-al-faw-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/8/0/qaryat-al-faw-wp/t580-qaryat-al-faw-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4220621"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:45</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/8/0/qaryat-al-faw-wp/t580-qaryat-al-faw-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tuwaiq Escarpment</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tuwaiq/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Peter Dowley from Dubai, United Arab Emirates, CC BY 2.0. An 800-kilometer limestone wall slicing through the heart of central Arabia, the Tuwaiq Escarpment is both the geological backbone of the Najd plateau and the hidden reservoir beneath one of the world's largest oil fields.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Peter Dowley from Dubai, United Arab Emirates, CC BY 2.0. An 800-kilometer limestone wall slicing through the heart of central Arabia, the Tuwaiq Escarpment is both the geological backbone of the Najd plateau and the hidden reservoir beneath one of the world's largest oil fields.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tuwaiq/">Tuwaiq Escarpment on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Peter Dowley from Dubai, United Arab Emirates | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/8/1/tuwaiq-wp/t581-tuwaiq-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/8/1/tuwaiq-wp/t581-tuwaiq-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3542302"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:45</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/8/1/tuwaiq-wp/t581-tuwaiq-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rub&apos; al Khali</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/rub-al-khali/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Javierblas, CC BY-SA 3.0. The largest continuous sand desert on Earth, where 650,000 square kilometers of dunes conceal lost cities, the world's biggest oil field, and centuries of human defiance.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Javierblas, CC BY-SA 3.0. The largest continuous sand desert on Earth, where 650,000 square kilometers of dunes conceal lost cities, the world's biggest oil field, and centuries of human defiance.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/rub-al-khali/">Rub&apos; al Khali on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Javierblas | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/e/9/rub-al-khali-wp/t5e9-rub-al-khali-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/e/9/rub-al-khali-wp/t5e9-rub-al-khali-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3759068"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:59</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/e/9/rub-al-khali-wp/t5e9-rub-al-khali-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Wabar Craters</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/wabar-craters/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Aram Dulyan (User:Aramgutang), Public domain. Hidden deep in Arabia's Empty Quarter, impact craters from a meteorite strike less than 250 years old were discovered by a British explorer searching for a legendary lost city.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Aram Dulyan (User:Aramgutang), Public domain. Hidden deep in Arabia's Empty Quarter, impact craters from a meteorite strike less than 250 years old were discovered by a British explorer searching for a legendary lost city.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/wabar-craters/">Wabar Craters on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Aram Dulyan (User:Aramgutang) | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/g/f/wabar-craters-wp/t5gf-wabar-craters-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/g/f/wabar-craters-wp/t5gf-wabar-craters-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3606438"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:53</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/g/f/wabar-craters-wp/t5gf-wabar-craters-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mehri Language</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mehri-language/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Spoken in the mountains and wadis of Yemen's Mahra Governorate and Oman's Dhofar, Mehri is the largest surviving Modern South Arabian language -- a family older than Arabic that predates Islam on the peninsula.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Spoken in the mountains and wadis of Yemen's Mahra Governorate and Oman's Dhofar, Mehri is the largest surviving Modern South Arabian language -- a family older than Arabic that predates Islam on the peninsula.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/mehri-language/">Mehri Language on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/h/8/mehri-language-wp/t5h8-mehri-language-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/h/8/mehri-language-wp/t5h8-mehri-language-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3758549"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:13</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Well of Barhout</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/well-of-barhout/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Original uploader was Dave Bunnell at en.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 2.5. A 112-meter-deep sinkhole in eastern Yemen that locals call a prison for jinn, unexplored until a team of Omani cavers rappelled to the bottom in 2021 and found waterfalls, cave pearls, and an entire hidden ecosystem.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Original uploader was Dave Bunnell at en.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 2.5. A 112-meter-deep sinkhole in eastern Yemen that locals call a prison for jinn, unexplored until a team of Omani cavers rappelled to the bottom in 2021 and found waterfalls, cave pearls, and an entire hidden ecosystem.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/well-of-barhout/">Well of Barhout on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Original uploader was Dave Bunnell at en.wikipedia | CC BY-SA 2.5</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/j/6/well-of-barhout-wp/t5j6-well-of-barhout-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/j/6/well-of-barhout-wp/t5j6-well-of-barhout-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3588683"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:47</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/j/6/well-of-barhout-wp/t5j6-well-of-barhout-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>1970 Omani Coup d&apos;Etat</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/1970-omani-coup-d-etat/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A British-orchestrated palace coup in Salalah replaced an isolationist sultan with his Sandhurst-educated son, transforming Oman from a country with one hospital and 10 km of paved roads into a modern state within a single decade.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A British-orchestrated palace coup in Salalah replaced an isolationist sultan with his Sandhurst-educated son, transforming Oman from a country with one hospital and 10 km of paved roads into a modern state within a single decade.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/1970-omani-coup-d-etat/">1970 Omani Coup d&apos;Etat on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/n/2/1970-omani-coup-d-etat-wp/t5n2-1970-omani-coup-d-etat-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/n/2/1970-omani-coup-d-etat-wp/t5n2-1970-omani-coup-d-etat-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4244565"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:53</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Museum of the Land of Frankincense</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/museum-of-the-land-of-frankincense/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Francesco Bini, CC BY-SA 4.0. A museum in Salalah, Oman, that tells the story of the resin that once rivaled gold in value, housed within the ruins of a 4,000-year-old port city.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Francesco Bini, CC BY-SA 4.0. A museum in Salalah, Oman, that tells the story of the resin that once rivaled gold in value, housed within the ruins of a 4,000-year-old port city.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/museum-of-the-land-of-frankincense/">Museum of the Land of Frankincense on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Francesco Bini | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/n/2/museum-of-the-land-of-frankincense-wp/t5n2-museum-of-the-land-of-frankincense-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/n/2/museum-of-the-land-of-frankincense-wp/t5n2-museum-of-the-land-of-frankincense-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3547851"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:48</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/n/2/museum-of-the-land-of-frankincense-wp/t5n2-museum-of-the-land-of-frankincense-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Salalah</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/salalah/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit 9591353082 at English Wikipedia (original text: I am the author.=, CC BY 2.5. Oman's second city and the birthplace of Sultan Qaboos, where ancient frankincense souqs meet monsoon-soaked summers and a two-thousand-year trading history.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit 9591353082 at English Wikipedia (original text: I am the author.=, CC BY 2.5. Oman's second city and the birthplace of Sultan Qaboos, where ancient frankincense souqs meet monsoon-soaked summers and a two-thousand-year trading history.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/salalah/">Salalah on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: 9591353082 at English Wikipedia (original text: I am the author.= | CC BY 2.5</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/n/2/salalah-wk/t5n2-salalah-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/n/2/salalah-wk/t5n2-salalah-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4678995"/>
      <itunes:duration>6:25</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/n/2/salalah-wk/t5n2-salalah-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dhofar Mountains</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/dhofar-mountains/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit May Paulose, CC BY 2.0. A mountain range in southern Oman where the Indian Ocean monsoon transforms barren Arabian desert into a green, fog-draped landscape each summer, sheltering some of the world's last Arabian leopards.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit May Paulose, CC BY 2.0. A mountain range in southern Oman where the Indian Ocean monsoon transforms barren Arabian desert into a green, fog-draped landscape each summer, sheltering some of the world's last Arabian leopards.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/dhofar-mountains/">Dhofar Mountains on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: May Paulose | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/n/3/dhofar-mountains-wp/t5n3-dhofar-mountains-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/t/5/n/3/dhofar-mountains-wp/t5n3-dhofar-mountains-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3587623"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:52</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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      <title>Khor Rori</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Neux-Neux, CC BY-SA 4.0. An ancient fortified port on Oman's Dhofar coast where the Kingdom of Hadramaut shipped frankincense to Rome and India, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site where flamingos wade among ruins that once perfumed the ancient world.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Neux-Neux, CC BY-SA 4.0. An ancient fortified port on Oman's Dhofar coast where the Kingdom of Hadramaut shipped frankincense to Rome and India, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site where flamingos wade among ruins that once perfumed the ancient world.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/khor-rori/">Khor Rori on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Neux-Neux | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>5:29</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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